1. FARMING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Introduction to farming vocabulary

2. 4 1 2 3 56To plough To plant Crops To harvest To store To sell

3. tea monoculture basket to pick

4. FARMING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Types of farming in developing countries

5. There are three main kinds of farming in developing countries: Subsistence agriculture Intensive subsistence farming Tropical plantations

6. Subsistence agriculture Subsistence cycle – natural hazards – growing population – famine Low output and investment Low technology Whole family producing for itself Africa, Asia, America Several crops ( legumes, tubers....)

7. Intensive subsistence farming Populated areas Intensive farming Great output Low technology and investment Whole family or community producing for itself Lots of workers SE Asia (China, India) Monoculture (rice) Great improvements after Green revolution

8. Tropical plantations Commercial agriculture Exportation (multinationals) Great output Great investment Low machinery Lots of workers (salary earners) America, Africa, Asia Monoculture (coffee, tea, cocoa) Heritage from colonial times

9. FARMING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Features and problems

10. Features Agriculture (arable and pastoral) is the main economic activity in LEDCs (about 70% of workers). Subsistence agriculture (extensive and intensive). Low output Commercial agriculture in tropical plantations is for exportation. Monoculture and several crops Low technology and investment (except in plantations)

11. Problems Poverty trap in subsistence agriculture LOW OUTPUT LOW INVESTMENT NO SURPLUS NO CAPITAL LOW LEVEL TECHNOLOGY

12. Problems Famine in Africa Pressure on the land due to growth of population. Low output and exhausted soils Green revolution (GR) and GM crops have improved outputs, mainly in rice crops; but population growth in SE Asia is higher than output growth. Many farmers can’t afford the investments required (machinery, fertilisers...) and they migrate to the cities.

13. Problems In tropical areas the most fertile lands are used for plantations (exportation) and provide employment in LEDCs. But the salary is low and workers haven’t enough money to live. On the other hand, other farmers have to cultivate less fertile land. As a result of that, there is not enough food and famine occurs in many places (mainly in Africa)