1. Chapter 76 American Composers Return from Europe: Copland and Barber

2. Lecture Overview American artists in Paris in the 1920s Nadia Boulanger: teaching and influence Aaron Copland: –life and works –Piano Variations –Appalachian Spring, Suite 1945, Variations on a Shaker Hymn Samuel Barber: –life and works –(optional: Adagio for Strings) –Hermit Songs, “Sea-Snatch” Review

3. The Life of Aaron Copland (1900–1990) 1900 born in Brooklyn, NY 1921-24 Paris, studies with Nadia Boulanger 1924 settles in New York 1928 founds the Copland-Sessions Concerts of Contemporary Music 1940-65 teaches at Tanglewood 1972 final compositions 1990 dies in North Tarrytown, NY

4. Principal Compositions by Aaron Copland Orchestra: symphonies (3), character pieces include –El Salón Mexico –Lincoln Portrait (with narration) –Outdoor Overture Opera and ballets: ballets include –Appalachian Spring –Billy the Kid –Rodeo Chamber music: works include Violin Sonata and Nonet for strings Piano: works include –Piano Blues –Piano Fantasy –Sonata –Piano Variations Songs: Emily Dickinson songs, folk song arrangements Writings: include the book Music and Imagination (highly recommended)

5. Aaron Copland, Piano Variations, 1930 Theme-and-variations form

6. Aaron Copland, Appalachian Spring, Suite 1945, Variations on a Shaker Hymn Theme-and-variations form Gb

7. The Life of Samuel Barber (1910–1981) 1910 born in Philadelphia 1924 -32 studies at the Curtis Institute of Music, composition with Rosario Scalero 1939-42 teaches composition at Curtis 1962 wins Pulitzer Prize for Piano Concerto 1966 premiere of Antony and Cleopatra for the opening of the Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center 1981 dies in New York

8. Principal Compositions by Samuel Barber Orchestra: symphonies (2), character pieces, concertos Operas and ballets: include –Medea (ballet) –Vanessa (opera) –Antony and Cleopatra (opera) Chamber music: includes String Quartet, instrumental sonatas, Piano: character pieces, Sonata (1949) Songs: about 40, including –Hermit Songs –Knoxville: Summer of 1915

9. Samuel Barber, Hermit Songs, 1953, “Sea-Snatch” Free ternary form

10. Review Key Terms Nadia Boulanger Walt Whitman Martha Graham “Simple Gifts” Adagio for Strings