1. Novel Waterborne Epoxy Curing Agent Technology
David Dubowik
Air Products & Chemicals
Presented at the TRFA Annual Meeting
November 15, 2005
Fort Lauderdale, Florida

2. Outline: Novel Waterborne Epoxy Curing Agent
Waterborne Epoxy Overview
Market Drivers
Novel Curing Agent Technology
Performance Attributes
Summary

3. Typical WB Epoxy Applications
Institutional & Maintenance Coatings
Low Odor
Easy Handling
Abrasion Resistance
Alkali & Acid Stain Resistance

4. Waterborne Epoxy...The Basics
H2O Evaporates
Epoxy & Amine
Dispersed in Water
Epoxy & Amine
Polymerize
Coating Applied

5. Type I Waterborne Epoxies
Liquid
Epoxy
Water
Soluble
Amine -
Emulsion +
High
Shear
Amine acts as Epoxy Emulsifier
Water + Amine + Epoxy form Complex Emulsion
Emulsion Destabilizes Visible Pot Life
Liquid Epoxy Short Pot Life, Slow Dry

6. Type II Waterborne Epoxies
Epoxy Pre-dispersed with Nonionic Surfactant
Amine Migrates from Water into Epoxy
Polymerization Inside Particle Blind Pot Life
Solid Epoxy Long Pot Life, Fast Dry
Co-Solvents Needed for Coalescence

7. Type I & II Curing Agent Limitations
Property
Type I
Type II
Viscosity
> 10,000 cP
> 5,000 cP
Color
> 6
Co-Solvents
0-100 g/l
g/l
Water Solubility
Medium - High
Moderate - Medium
Maximum Film Build
6 mil DFT
5 mil DFT
Curing Agents Trap Water, Limit Film Build

8. Market Drivers for New Technology
Easier Handling
Lower Viscosity
Higher Water Dilution
No Induction Time
Lower Color
Lower Initial Color
Higher Yellowing resistance
Higher Film Build
Mastics
Block Fillers

9. Novel Waterborne Epoxy Technology Anquawhite 100
Amine Functional Dispersion in Water
Water Insoluble
Highly Compatible with Epoxy

10. Anquawhite 100 Properties
Viscosity
200 cP
Solids
55%
Solvents
Water 41%
PM 4%
Color, Gardner 1
AHEW
350
Freeze-Thaw Cycles > 5
Low Amine Content Improves
Yellowing
Stain Resistance

11. Anquawhite 100 + Epoxy Dispersion Film Formation
Minimal
Epoxy-Amine
Interaction
Low Viscosity
High Solids

12. Anquawhite 100 + Epoxy Dispersion Long Pot Life & High Gloss

13. Anquawhite 100 - Liquid Epoxy Film Formation
Amine
Emulsifies
Liquid Epoxy

14. Pot Life with Liquid Epoxy
10000
10000
65% solids
65% solids
8000
8000
(mPa.s)
60% solids
60% solids
55% solids
55% solids C
6000
6000
4000
4000
Viscosity 25
Viscosity 25
2000
2000
100
100
200
200
300
300
400
400
500
500
Time [min]
Time [min]

15. Low Amine Content Delivers High Resistance to Yellowing
Cycloaliphatic
Amine 40
Typical
Waterborne
Yellowness Index 20
Anquawhite 100
Solid Epoxy Dispersion
Anquawhite 100
Liquid Epoxy 20 40 60 80
Hours QUVA

16. Hydrophobic Amine: Less Trapped Water, Higher Film Build
Typical
WB Epoxy
20 mil DFT
Anquawhite 100
20 mil DFT

17. Low Amine Content Results in High Stain Resistance
Anquawhite 100
Conventional Waterborne
Discoloration
Blistering
Discoloration
Blistering
Coffee
no change no
slight stain no
Ketchup
no change no
slight stain no
Mustard
no change no
yellow stain
slight
Red Wine
very slight stain no
red stain
slight

18. Anquawhite 100 Food Stain Resistance
Red
Wine
Red
Wine
Mustard
Ketchup
Typical
WB Epoxy Coating
Anquawhite
100
Coating
Ketchup
Mustard

19. Anquawhite 100 Hydrophobicity Results in High Barrier Properties
4.50
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
-1.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
Log Freq (Hz)
Log Modulus (Ohm)
Anquawhite 100
75 day immersion
Conventional Waterborne
25 day immersion
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Coating Failure
Anquawhite 100 Forms an Excellent Barrier Against Water & Salts

20. Starting Point Formulation: Fast Dry Enamel
Pounds
Pounds
Gallons
Gallons
A Side
A Side
Ancarez AR 550
413.6
413.6
45.1
45.1
RM 8W (25% in H
O )
41.4
41.4
5.0
5.0 2
455.0
455.0
50.00
50.00
B Side
B Side
Anquawhite
Anquawhite
100
100
144.8
144.8
16.5
16.5
DI H 2 O
188.2
188.2
22.6
22.6
Disperbyk
Disperbyk
190
190
10.3
10.3
1.2
1.2
DF 110D
DF 110D
4.1
4.1
0.50
0.50
R 960
R 960
289.5
289.5
8.9
8.9
Surfynol
Surfynol
420
420
3.1
3.1
0.4
0.4
640.1
640.1
50.00
50.00
PVC
19 %
Wt Solids
65%
65%
VOC (lb/gal)
0.11
Vol
Solids
47%
47%
Dry to Touch min. Pot Life hr.

21. Starting Point Formulation: High Build Enamel
Pounds
Gallons
A Side
Epon 828
155.69
16.08
Epodil 748
29.22
3.93
20.0
B Side
Anquawhite 100
325.11
37.10
DI H2O
68.35
8.19
Disperbyk 190
15.19
1.72
DF 110D
3.80
0.45
Rheology Modifier
15.19
1.82
5% Acetic
121.52
14.56
Dowanol PPh
52.40
5.91
TiPure R 960
311.39
9.57
Surfynol 440
5.70
0.68
918.65
80.0
PVC
Dry to Touch 4 hr
Pot Life hr
19.4%
VOC (lb/gal)
1.26
Wt Solids
64%
Vol Solids
53%

22. Summary Novel Amine Dispersion Technology Low Viscosity High Build
Low Yellowing
High Stain Resistance
High Water Resistance
Formulating Versatility

23. Questions ?

24. Thank You !!!
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