1. Levels of Organization Introduction to Biochemistry

2. Levels of Organization Most Specific to Most General Most Specific to Most General Least Inclusive to Most Inclusive Least Inclusive to Most Inclusive Organism Organism Species Species Population Population Community Community Ecosystem Ecosystem Biosphere Biosphere

3. Levels of Organization of the ORGANISM Most General to Most Specific Most General to Most Specific Organism Organism Organ system Organ system Organ Organ Tissue Tissue Cell Cell Molecule Molecule Atom Atom

4. ATOM Smallest unit of matter, that is made up of subatomic particles. Smallest unit of matter, that is made up of subatomic particles. Atoms are the chemical building blocks from which EVERY part of the organism is made. Atoms are the chemical building blocks from which EVERY part of the organism is made. Examples: C H N O P S Examples: C H N O P S

5. Molecule Formed as different atoms form chemical bonds with each other. Formed as different atoms form chemical bonds with each other. Example: glucose Example: glucose  molecular formula C 6 H 12 O 6

6. Cell Basic unit of life. First level of the organism that is considered alive. Basic unit of life. First level of the organism that is considered alive. Made up of organelles like the nucleus that are made up of macromolecules like protein, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Made up of organelles like the nucleus that are made up of macromolecules like protein, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

7. Tissue Collection of similar cells that work together to form a certain function. Collection of similar cells that work together to form a certain function. Example: Example: muscular tissue, movement muscular tissue, movement nervous tissue, communication nervous tissue, communication

8. Organ Collection of different tissues that work together to perform highly specialized functions. Collection of different tissues that work together to perform highly specialized functions. Example: The heart Example: The heart

9. Organ System Collection of different organs that work together to perform a major function for the entire organism. Collection of different organs that work together to perform a major function for the entire organism. Example: The digestive system, which is made up of organs like the stomach, esophagus, teeth, and intestines. Example: The digestive system, which is made up of organs like the stomach, esophagus, teeth, and intestines.

10. Organism All the organ systems work together to create a whole organism that can survive and flourish. All the organ systems work together to create a whole organism that can survive and flourish.

11. Atomic Structure ParticleChargeLocation 1. Protons NeutronsElectrons

12. Atomic Structure ParticleChargeLocation 1. Protons(+)ve Neutrons0 Electrons( - )ve

13. Atomic Structure ParticleChargeLocation 1. Protons(+)ve- nucleus Neutrons0- nucleus Electrons( - )ve - around the nucleus

14. 2. The number of protons in one atom of an element determines the atom’s identity, and the number of electrons determines behavior of an element.

15. 3. The atomic number tells you the number of protons in one atom of an elements. It also tells you the number of electrons in a neutral atom of that element. The atomic number gives the “identity” of an element as well as its location on the periodic Table. No two different elements will have the same atomic number.

16. 4. The atomic mass of an element is the average mass of an element’s naturally occurring atom, or isotopes, taking into account the number of neutrons of each isotope.

17. ISOTOPES A single atom that has the SAME # of protons, but can have a DIFFERENT number of neutrons. A single atom that has the SAME # of protons, but can have a DIFFERENT number of neutrons. Example: Carbon-12 Carbon-13Carbon-14

18. 5. The mass number of an element is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom. 6. The mass number is used to calculate the number of protons and neutrons in one atom of an element. In order to calculate the number of neutrons you must subtract the number of protons from the mass number.

19. ElementSymbolProtonsNeutronsElectrons HydrogenH101 CarbonC666 NitrogenN777 OxygenO888 PhosphorusP151615 SulfurS16

20. Summary 1. Atomic # = # of protons 2. # of protons = # of electrons 3. Mass number = # of protons + # of neutrons 4. Atomic Mass = average mass of all of an atoms isotopes (units amu)