1. Chapter 2

2. The Earth in Motion Everything on Earth is motion People travelling on foot Travelling in cars, buses, and airplanes Products being moved on trucks Birds migrating Leaves stir in the wind Earth itself is moving as it orbits the sun on its axis Movement is constant Earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5 o

3. Movement Patterns Movement causes continual change Geographers search for patterns of movement so that they can predict changes to the Earth’s surface Geographers look for systems when studying movement patterns System is a pattern of routes that connects places together River system: water moves downstream through streams and rivers before reaching the ocean Transportation system: traffic flows through streets and highways

4. Movement Patterns (cont.) Geographers look for flow patterns along these systems Flow measures the amount of people, product, information and other things that move along a system Flyway is the route used by butterflies and birds when they migrate Migration is the movement of people or animals from one environment to another. These movements can be daily, seasonal, or permanent

5. Human Movement Patterns Communication between places Word of mouth – you tell something to a person and they tell someone else and so on Newspaper – community events that maybe of interest to the community appear in the daily/weekly paper Radio / Television – information spread over the radio station via news or talk shows Internet – communicate via satellites and telephone lines

6. Inter National Trade International Trade is the movement of products from one country to another Balance of Trade (BoT) Contributes to a healthy economy Positive – when a country exports more than it imports Negative – when a country exports less than it imports Import products that are not available here Export products that we have but other countries need

7. Urban Transportation Infrastructure Network of transportation and communication system that allows movement around urban areas Includes streets, highways, traffic signal systems, public transportation Infrastructure doesn’t work during power failures, strikes, natural disasters Leads to people using their own cars Can bring movement to a complete stop Extra flow causes Grid lock (a traffic jam caused by extra flow)

8. Animal Movement Patterns Human transport and communication systems often run through natural environment of animals Many species becoming extinct Movement corridor a major route with a busy flow of people, products, and information Transportation and communication systems running beside one another E.g. major highways often run beside electricity wires and railroads

9. Animal Movement Patterns (cont.) Natural corridor Routes along which the necessities of food, water, and shelter are available Protect these to support animal population Animals follow natural corridors E.g. Trans Canada Highway cuts through the middle of Banff National Park. Animals must cross this road for feeding or breeding.

10. The Grizzly Bear The Trans Canada Highway cuts through the middle of Banff National Park Many animals must cross this highway for feeding or for breeding Fences line section of the highway to protect the animals An underpass was made for wildlife crossings Some species use them but not the grizzly bears

11. The Grizzly Bear (cont.) Because of the highway, two separate populations of the grizzly bears have developed Unhealthy for animals to breed with close relatives A solution suggested is to build an overpass