1. Rabies

2. Symptoms flu-like symptons (couple days initially)  general weakness, discomfort, fever, headache discomfort or itching at bite location later on, cerebral dysfunction, anxiety, confusion, agitation, delirium, hallucinations, insomnia delirium, hallucinations, and insomnia in later stages symptoms show after 2-10 days

3. Cause caused by Rabies virus  travels to central nervous system after infection

4. Transmission spread by infected saliva  usually bite wounds, can also be spread if saliva seeps into open wound or mouth or eyes (ie licking) is always from mammals to humans/other mammals no cases of human to human transmission  however, is possible through transplant of infected organs

5. Common Carriers cats cows dogs ferrets goats horses rabbits bats beavers coyotes foxes monkeys raccoons skunks woodchucks

6. Diagnosis if symptoms start showing, disease is almost always fatal  less than 10 survivals in history multiple ways of detection  direct fluorescent antibody test  immunohistochemistry  electron microscopy  amplification

7. Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test standard for detection rabies virus proteins are present in infected nervous tissue labeled anti-rabies antibody is released, and will bind to rabies antigen  if rabies is present, the microscope will detect

8. Immunohistochemistry these set of methods detect rabies in formalin-fixed tissues uses specific antibodies to detect by using enzyme labeling

9. Electron Microscopy views the structure of viruses through an electron microscope A= Negri body B = RNP C = rabies virus

10. Amplification Methods small amounts of rabies might be hard to confirm grow samples in Mouse neuroblastoma cells or baby hamster kidney cells can also amplify by copying RNA into DNA using reverse transcriptase, which is then amplified by polymerase chain reaction

11. Treatment if infection takes hold, too late after bite, take several shots:  rabies immune globulin shot prevents virus from infecting, given near bite  a series of rabies vaccines are given to help body learn to fight rabies, receive 5 injections over 14 days

12. Prevention Rabies is 100% preventable; there is no documented case of rabies ocurring after vaccination guidelines:  vaccinate pets  keep pets away from wild animals  report strays and stay away from wild animals  vaccinate when travelling

13. Rabies in the World Present in more than 150 countries in the world 60,000 people die of rabies every year, mostly in Asia and Africa

14. Rabies in the World

15. Cost multiple shots mean multiple visits to the clinic immunoglobulin shot by itself can be a few thousand dollars  can run up to $7000 for whole treatment pre-exposure could cost just between $685 - $1110  includes consultation and appointments

16. Sources http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8618/ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/rabies.html http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002310 / http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/rabies/DS00484 http://www.who.int/rabies/en/ http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/prevention/index.html http://www.who.int/rabies/rabies_maps/en/ http://www.rabiesvaccinecost.com/