1. The Muscular System and Methods of Movement Functions Movement Protection Body Form Heat production

2. Muscle Cells Cardiac Heart Muscle Involuntary Smooth Intestinal Muscle Involuntary Skeletal Bone Muscle Voluntary

3. Skeletal Muscle Tissue *Muscle tissue is bundled into fibers *Muscle fibers separate into individual fibers or cells Cells are broken down into myofibrils Myofibrils are divided into sarcomeres Sarcomeres are made of myosin and actin Actin Fibers move toward each other as the “oars” of the myosin fiber contract, shortening the length of the sarcomere and entire muscle The entire sarcomere contractions All sarcomeres contract in unison

4. How muscles move bone Muscles generally work in pairs –Flexors and Extensors When one contracts the other relaxes Muscle are anchored to bone by tendons As the muscle shortens it moves the bone it is attached to

5. Muscle Injuries Muscle Strain Inflamed muscle group or tear in muscle tissue *Muscle Cramp When muscles do not relax

6. Muscle Facts Muscles cells are multinucleated You are born with the same number of muscles cells you will have your entire life At maximum effort - only using 30% of your muscle strength If all your muscle could be pooled together they could move a mass equal to 50,000 pounds Strength depends on size of cell not number of cells Muscle mass = 45% of your bodies weight Muscle weighs more then fat

7. Methods of Movement (Bacteria) Some bacteria have flagella Flagella are not made of muscle They are composed of filaments that move back and forth based on polar attraction

8. Methods of Movement (Protozoan) Protozoan can move by flagella Cilia Pseudopodia

9. Fungus Movement is through growth Spores are carried by the wind

10. Plant Movement There is no muscle tissue Passing water from cell to cells allows slow movement Fast movement is done by rapid change of cell size Plants also move by growth

11. Arthropods/Crustaceans/Mollusk Muscle is similar in function Structure is different Very little fat Muscle is anchored to exoskeleton Muscle Contraction causes movement of limbs A tube foot, an extension of the water vascular system of a starfish. This is not muscular. (star fish, echinoderm)

12. Bird Muscle Dark meat has more myoglibin, a special tissue that provides oxygen to the cells White meat has less Dark meat is usually associated with areas of more strenuous activity like the legs and wings