1. Kettering University Presenters: Chad Swartz John Stimpson

2. Engineering Design Strategy Noise Minimization Noise Minimization Emission Reduction Emission Reduction Performance Modifications Performance Modifications Cost Minimization Cost Minimization Snowmobile Durability Snowmobile Durability

3. Noise (Environmental Aspect) Sound deadening materials Sound deadening materials Spark arrestor Spark arrestor Dual tuned absorption silencers Dual tuned absorption silencers –Turbo, two catalytic converters, two silencers Bogie wheel removal Bogie wheel removal

4. Base Sound Pressure

5. Bogie Wheels Removed

6. Emissions (Environmental Aspect) Two three-way catalytic converters Two three-way catalytic converters ECU recalibration ECU recalibration E85 utilization E85 utilization Reduced net carbon emissions Reduced net carbon emissions

7. E-85 Information

8. E85 Emission Reductions

9. Performance (Operator Aspect) Traction aids Traction aids Turbocharger Turbocharger Charge air cooler Charge air cooler Instrumentation Instrumentation High specific power High specific power –127 bhp/L Primary (drive) clutch weights Primary (drive) clutch weights

10. Clutching

11. Clutching

12. Cost and Durability (Outfitter Aspect) TICA cost totaled $1,546 TICA cost totaled $1,546 Increased cost to stock FST $256 Increased cost to stock FST $256 Redesigned front bumper Redesigned front bumper ECU engine protection system ECU engine protection system Forged engine internals Forged engine internals E85 to reduce knock E85 to reduce knock Heat shielding Heat shielding Teflon Slides Teflon Slides –Melting temp 702 0 F vs. 325 0 F

13. Conclusion The Kettering University team has worked hard to produce a clean, quiet, and fuel efficient snowmobile for use by riders in mountainous and deep snow regions. The Kettering University team has worked hard to produce a clean, quiet, and fuel efficient snowmobile for use by riders in mountainous and deep snow regions.