1. Presidents, Civil Rights and Suffrage Throughout History

2. Civil Rights A right someone is born with A right someone is born with One of the most important is the African American Movement, or the Civil Rights Movement One of the most important is the African American Movement, or the Civil Rights Movement http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/civil rights/images/civilrights- homeimage-previ.jpg

3. Civil Rights The Civil Rights Movement brought about the extinction of the phrase “separate but equal” and the laws that were unconstitutional towards the African Americans The Civil Rights Movement brought about the extinction of the phrase “separate but equal” and the laws that were unconstitutional towards the African Americans African Americans were thought to be dirty and unable to accomplish anything African Americans were thought to be dirty and unable to accomplish anything http://depts.washington.edu/labhi st/pnwlabor/civil_rights_march_cu t.jpg

4. This is a comic from 1962 about the separate but equal laws during the Civil Rights Movement http://www.loc.gov/exhi bits/brown/images/br016 8s.jpg

5. Psychological Aspects of Civil Rights Movement 1962: James Meredith was denied from University of Mississippi because of his race This is an act This is an act of racial discrimination http://countrystudies.us/united-states/history-130.htm

6. Civil Rights continued… Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination in public places and provided integration of public schools and public facilities; also made employment discrimination illegal http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=97

7. This image is of Lyndon B. Johnson signing the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law on July 2, 1964

8. Psychological Perspective on Suffrage The 15 th Amendment essentially gave African Americans the right to vote "the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/recon/revised_3

9. The 15 th Amendment The passage of the 15 th Amendment did not bring about full suffrage of African Americans It took about 100 more years to remove discriminating barriers such as poll taxes, literacy tests, and intimidation with the passing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965

10. Women’s Suffrage 15 th Amendment did not mention sex, so until the 19 th Amendment passed in 1920, women were not allowed to vote 15 th Amendment did not mention sex, so until the 19 th Amendment passed in 1920, women were not allowed to vote

11. Governor Edwin Morrow of Kentucky signs the 19 th Amendment

12. Presidents During the time around George Washington, the presidents insisted that elite and educated men should rule instead of the whole population. During the time around George Washington, the presidents insisted that elite and educated men should rule instead of the whole population. The opinions of wealthy, land-owning men were valued much more then the lower-class. The opinions of wealthy, land-owning men were valued much more then the lower-class. http://www.elcivic s.com/george_wa shington_drawing. jpg

13. Stereotypes of the 2008 Democratic Election For the first time in the history of presidential elections, an African American and a female candidate have a legitimate chance of winning. For the first time in the history of presidential elections, an African American and a female candidate have a legitimate chance of winning. Hillary Clinton: By being the first female candidate, Clinton faces many gender stereotypes which it may affect her campaign. Because there has been no female president before, many think that the presidential position is only suited for men. Hillary Clinton: By being the first female candidate, Clinton faces many gender stereotypes which it may affect her campaign. Because there has been no female president before, many think that the presidential position is only suited for men. Barack Obama: In order to be successful and win the democratic elections as an African American, Obama has prevented from falling into the common black stereotypes that most presidential candidates before him have experienced. Obama did not use his race as a way to win votes because his target involves every race. Barack Obama: In order to be successful and win the democratic elections as an African American, Obama has prevented from falling into the common black stereotypes that most presidential candidates before him have experienced. Obama did not use his race as a way to win votes because his target involves every race. http://www.thestar.com/comment/article/428020 http://www.thestar.com/comment/article/428020

15. Stereotypes on Regional Clusters Concentration of ethnicities in cities are always well divided. Concentration of ethnicities in cities are always well divided. Sometimes ethnicities are divided due to job occupations, wealth, and family. Sometimes ethnicities are divided due to job occupations, wealth, and family. The concentration of ethnicities are usually divided and clustered in different neighborhoods of a city. The concentration of ethnicities are usually divided and clustered in different neighborhoods of a city. For example, cities like Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, and Los Angeles are very well separated because there are so many immigrants in that area. For example, cities like Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, and Los Angeles are very well separated because there are so many immigrants in that area. Human Geography book, pg 228-230 Human Geography book, pg 228-230

17. The Psychology of General Stereotyping Stereotyping is generally when a certain characteristic is given to a whole group of people. Stereotyping is generally when a certain characteristic is given to a whole group of people. Stereotypes are very rarely changed. Stereotypes are very rarely changed. 2 classifications of how stereotypes change (when they do): 2 classifications of how stereotypes change (when they do): Bookkeeping model-adapting the existing stereotype to “mold” into the new information. This can be applied to the Civil Rights Movement. As blacks gradually gained more rights, most people kept their negative stereotypes about blacks, but just “added” the new information about blacks having more rights. Bookkeeping model-adapting the existing stereotype to “mold” into the new information. This can be applied to the Civil Rights Movement. As blacks gradually gained more rights, most people kept their negative stereotypes about blacks, but just “added” the new information about blacks having more rights. Conversion Model-Old stereotype is discredited and new information takes the place of it. This can be applied to suffrage because when African-Americans and women were granted the right to vote, the general old stereotype that these groups had no voice in government had to be changed altogether so that the new stereotype is that these individuals now do have a greater voice in government. Conversion Model-Old stereotype is discredited and new information takes the place of it. This can be applied to suffrage because when African-Americans and women were granted the right to vote, the general old stereotype that these groups had no voice in government had to be changed altogether so that the new stereotype is that these individuals now do have a greater voice in government. http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/stereotypes.htm

18. Psychology of Stereotyping: Can it be good? Stereotypes are not always a negative thing. Stereotypes are not always a negative thing. Classifications are necessary in order to know how to interact with individuals in society. Based on individuals’ backgrounds and culture, we can more easily explain behavioral patterns of that individual. Classifications are necessary in order to know how to interact with individuals in society. Based on individuals’ backgrounds and culture, we can more easily explain behavioral patterns of that individual. Stereotypes become negative when individuals classify other individuals or groups in an incorrect and hostile way. Ex. Not giving women or African Americans suffrage because they were believed to be “inferior”. Stereotypes become negative when individuals classify other individuals or groups in an incorrect and hostile way. Ex. Not giving women or African Americans suffrage because they were believed to be “inferior”. Education and media are two primary sources that contribute to false stereotypes. People tend to believe what they are taught. It is important that biases are not shown when teaching people about others. Education and media are two primary sources that contribute to false stereotypes. People tend to believe what they are taught. It is important that biases are not shown when teaching people about others. http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/stereotypes/

19. (Example of a negative stereotype: limitations on women’s suffrage) http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~sbmclaug/suff.jpg

20. Works Cited: APA Format Burgess, Heidi (October 23). Stereotypes/Characterization Frames. Retrieved May 28, 2008 from Burgess, Heidi (October 23). Stereotypes/Characterization Frames. Retrieved May 28, 2008 from http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/stereotypes/ http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/stereotypes/ Danzer, G., (2003). The Americans. Evanston: McDougal Littell. Danzer, G., (2003). The Americans. Evanston: McDougal Littell. Lippmann, & Allport. Stereotypes. Retrieved May 28, 2008 from Lippmann, & Allport. Stereotypes. Retrieved May 28, 2008 from http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/stereotypes.htm

21. Conclusion Civil rights, suffrage, and the idea of common man vs. elite have all contributed to stereotyping. Through the Civil Rights Movement, the idea of promoting the common man, and granting the right for African Americans and women to vote, the stereotypes may remain, but much of the negative connotation associated with these groups has been dismantled and dissolved. Civil rights, suffrage, and the idea of common man vs. elite have all contributed to stereotyping. Through the Civil Rights Movement, the idea of promoting the common man, and granting the right for African Americans and women to vote, the stereotypes may remain, but much of the negative connotation associated with these groups has been dismantled and dissolved.