1. I. Waves & Particles Electrons in Atoms

2. A. Waves  Wavelength ( ) - length of 1 complete wave  Frequency ( ) - # of waves that pass a point during a certain time period  hertz (Hz) = 1/s zAmplitude (A) - distance from the origin to the trough or crest

3. A. Waves A greater amplitude (intensity) greater frequency (color) crest origin trough A

4. B. EM Spectrum LOWENERGYLOWENERGY HIGHENERGYHIGHENERGY

5. HIGHENERGYHIGHENERGY ROYG.BIV redorangeyellowgreenblueindigoviolet

6. B. EM Spectrum zFrequency & wavelength are inversely proportional c = c:speed of light (3.00 x 10 8 m/s) : wavelength (m, nm, etc.) : frequency (Hz)

7. B. EM Spectrum GIVEN: = ? = 434 nm = 4.34 x 10 -7 m c = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s WORK : = c = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s 4.34x 10 -7 m = 6.91 x 10 14 Hz zEX: Find the frequency of a photon with a wavelength of 434 nm.

8. B. EM Spectrum zEnergy and frequency are directly related E = h E: Energy (joules, j) h:Planck’s constant(6.626 x 10 -34 m 2 kg/s) : frequency (Hz)

9. B. EM Spectrum GIVEN: E = ? h = 6.626 x 10 -34 m 2 kg/s = 6.38 x 10 14 Hz WORK : E = h E = 6.626 x 10 -34 m 2 kg/s x 6.38 x 10 14 Hz E = 4.23 x 10 -21 J zEX: Find the energy of a photon with a frequency of 6.38 x 10 14 Hz.

10. B. EM Spectrum GIVEN: E = ? h = 6.626 x 10 -34 m 2 kg/s = ? C= 3.00x10 8 m/s = 4.6 nm = 4.6 x 10 -9 m WORK : = C/ =(3.00x10 8 m/s)/ (4.6x10 -9 m) =1.4 x 10 16 /s E=h E= 6.626 x 10 -34 m 2 kg/s x 1.4 x 10 17 /s E = 9.3 x 10 -18 j zEX: Find the energy of a photon with a wavelength of 4.6 nm.

11. C. Quantum Theory zPlanck (1900) yObserved - emission of light from hot objects yConcluded - energy is emitted in small, specific amounts (quanta) yQuantum - minimum amount of energy to change

12. C. Quantum Theory zPlanck (1900) vs. Newtonian TheoryQuantum Theory

13. C. Quantum Theory  Einstein (1905) yObserved - photoelectric effect

14. C. Quantum Theory zEinstein (1905) yConcluded - light has properties of both waves and particles “wave-particle duality” yPhoton - particle of light that carries a quantum of energy