1. Foundations 10,000 B.C.E – 750 B.C.E

2. Basics B.C.E= Before the Common Era C.E= Common Era B.C.= Before Christ A.D.= Anno Domini (in the year of our lord) Seventeenth century= 1600s Sixteenth century=1500s Fifteenth century=1400s Etc…

3. Eras in world history Foundations – 10,000 B.C.E to 600 B.C.E. Classical period - 600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E. Post Classical period - 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E. Early Modern Period – 1450 – 1750 C.E. Modern Period – 1750 to 1900 C.E. The Contemporary world – 1900 to Present

4. Paleolithic – Old Stone age – Hunting and Gathering – More egalitarian (men and women relatively equal) why? Neolithic – New Stone Age – Agriculture- 10,000 B.C.E. – Domesticated animals – Metalworking – why important? – Permanent villages – Male dominance

9. Writing Cuneiform -Oldest in the World -Wedge depressions in clay tablets -Formed from a reed stylus -Most important contribution

10. The Code of Hammurabi – Early set of written laws – 282+ laws – “Eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth” – Demonstrates social stratification and inequalities

11. Vocab Artisan Surplus Sedentary Urbanization Stratification/Social stratification Hierarchy

12. River Valley Civilizations

14. The Nile River Egypt was called “The Gift of the Nile” Without the Nile, Egyptian civilization would not have developed Regular flood patterns Compare to Mesopotamia?

15. Egypt’s Geography Egypt’s natural defenses – Sahara Desert – Nile Cataracts – Result?

17. Writing Hieroglyphics- originally pictograms; evolved to contain some phonetic elements Papyrus Early writing was used for business and administration Eventually used for stories, prayers, laws and instructions Rosetta Stone - translation

27. The Indus Valley Civilization Located along the Indus river in modern-day Pakistan 3300–1300 BCE, flowered 2600–1900 BCE Flourished for 1000 years, then disappeared without a trace Major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

28. Harappa Mohenjo-Daro India

29. Evidence of limited contact

30. Features Well-organized cities – Laid out in a grid pattern, i.e. they were? – Had toilets, plumbing and irrigation

31. Indus Valley writing has yet to be deciphered