1. Shallow reservoir analogues: Comparison of seismic and
ground penetrating radar (GPR)
imaging
Roger Young
Associate Professor of Geophysics OU

2. • GPR uses wavefield processing similar to seismic methods
• My students have mostly been MS and/or undergraduates
• Field projects,
data reduction using commercial software
(mostly Ekko-Pro, SPW, ProMAX, Kingdom Suite)
• Early proponent of 3D GPR surveys

3. Significance: Seismic attributes characterize fluvial-deltaic channels
Young, R.A., Deng, Z., Marfurt, K.J., Nissen, S.E, 1996, 3-D dip filtering and coherence applied to GPR data: A study, The Leading Edge,
Significance: Seismic attributes characterize fluvial-deltaic channels
on 3D GPR data

4. -Data available- N S E NW SE
Correa-Correa, H., Young, R.A., Slatt, R.M., 2006, 3-D Characterization of a channel system in an outcrop reservoir analog derived from GPR and measured sections, Rattlesnake Ridge, Wyoming, SEG Expanded Abstract

5. -Results: Synthetic tie-
Significance: Interfaces identified on the measured sections can be correlated with GPR data through synthetic radargrams

6. Significance: GoCAD used to interpolate horizons from a
Significance: GoCAD used to interpolate horizons from a complicated fence diagram

7. Young, R. A. , Staggs, J. G. , and Slatt, R. M. , van Dam, R
Young, R.A., Staggs, J.G., and Slatt, R.M., van Dam, R., 2007, Application of 1-D convolutional modeling to interpretation of GPR profiles –turbidite Sandstone 1, Lewis shale, Wyoming, JEEG, 12, 3,
Significance: Convolutional modeling constrained by lab and outcrop measurements identifies GPR reflection events

8. Ramirez, D. M., Young, R.A, 2007, Fracture orientation determination in sedimentary rocks using multicomponent GPR measurements, The Leading Edge,

9. Significance: Multicomponent/multi-azimuth GPR data senses fracture
Significance: Multicomponent/multi-azimuth GPR data senses fracture orientation in evaporites

10. Significance: Spectral decomposition of GPR data
Geerdes, I., Young, R.A., 2007, Spectral decomposition of 3D GPR data from an alluvial environment, The Leading Edge,
Significance: Spectral decomposition of GPR data
reveals tuning in a sand wedge

11. Hoyos, J., Young, R.A., 2001, Near-surface, SH-wave surveys in unconsolidated, alluvial sediments, The Leading Edge,

12. Significance: SH-wave reflections are more useful than P-wave reflections

13. “Old” seismic equipment
OU Field Camp ( )

14. Raw Data Mute, AGC Before NMO After NMO
Example Early Muting and AGC on Line 3
Raw Data
Mute, AGC
75ms window for AGC 75
-6 dB for pre- rasterization gain
Example NMO Correction on Line 3 – SH-SH data
Before NMO
After NMO

15. L1 L3 Line locations of shear-wave surveys at the Abbey.
Tie between Line 3 and Line 1
3D View of horizons picked in the seismic grid from the Abbey.
Top and bottom of the Pierre Shale are the two shallowest horizons.

16. “New” seismic field equipment
2 24-Channel Geodes
48 channel (.52 m takeout spacing) cable
48 channel (4.0 m takeout spacing) cable
24 channel downhole hydrophone array
Hz vertical geophones
Hz vertical geophones
Significance: Potential to record vertical, radial, and transverse component data using “P”, “SV”, and “SH” sources and to jump from 2D to 3D
Through the Incorporated Research Institutions in Seismology (IRIS),
we could borrow NN additional channels of recording capability, IVI mini-vibrator

17. Future work

18. • DMO and spectral decomposition enhancement of GPR CMP gathers
Nate Johnson, Senior thesis
CMP/CRP 167_2
CMP/CRP 103

19. • Seismic characterization of the
Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer
Breanne Kennedy, MS thesis (Devon support)
• 2D near-surface and exploration-scale seismic data from
Hunton anticline
• targets:
fractures, karst features, pC basement topography
• Rayleigh wave inversion for shear-wave
velocity structure (MASW)
Rika Burr, Senior thesis
• GPR/ERT characterization of the
Oswaldo Davogustto, MS thesis

20. Common Source Gathers direct arrival refraction reflection
Average Apparent Velocities
soil profile ~ 363 m/s
bedrock ~ 3046 m/s
direct arrival
refraction
reflection
Rayleigh waves

21. • S/N enhancement on 3D seismic
Carlos Russian, MS thesis
• S/N enhancement on 3D seismic
cross-spread
F-K, K-L transform methods
• D multicomponent study of seismic SV waves
record SV-waves on OU seismic system
SV impulsive source, radial component geophones
simple raypath geometry
strong event ??
compare to similar near-surface and exploration scale surveys

22. N/S shot gather
Apparent Velocity ~ 4733 m/s

23. Geological Survey of Canada
SV-wave and P-wave high resolution seismic reflection using vertical impacting and vibrating sources
Andre Pugin
Susan Pullen
James Hunter
Geological Survey of Canada

24. A Practical Approach to a 3D Multi-Component Seismic Project Alison Small (Parallel Petroleum Corp) J.W. (Tom) Thomas (Dawson Geophysical) Seth H. Conway (Dawson Geophysical) SEG 2007 presentation
P-Wave
S-Wave Ri
3-Component Geophone
2.2 Sec
1.1 Sec Rx P
Objectives:

25. Test Sourcing And Numbering
All have Rx and Ri V V
Shot Line 1076
Shot Line 1146
Shot Station
1212
hybrid
swath
2x2
Receiver Line 6213
Receiver Line 6145
Shot Line 1006 V

26. 900 ms
700 ms
350 ms
Production “P” Migrated
1800 ms
1400 ms
750 ms
Production “Shear” Migrated