1. The nature of science & science education The nature of science & science education

2. Our agenda What is science? Traditional answers More recent answer “Modern science” TruthRealityNewton Characteristics of modern science Implications for science teachers

3. Astronomy Aotearoa Interprets Science in the New Zealand Curriculum Years 9 to 11 Three resources TextbookWorkbookWebsite

9. What is science? What is science?

10. Traditional answers Received view - “Positivist science” - Theory - Mirror of reality Alternatives - Human being - Without truth - With truth

11. Traditional answers Received view - “Positivist science” - Theory - Mirror of reality Alternatives - Human being - Without truth – constructivist accounts - With truth – Hermeneutic philosophy of science

12. Hermeneutic philosophy of science Galileo 1610 Newton 1666 Kant 1782 Heidegger 1927 Heelan 1983

13. Hermeneutics = Interpretation Traditional Written texts Bible, law, literature Modern Verbal, non-verbal

14. Modern science Physics Paradigm for science Physicists’ view Philosophers’ view No progression Greek science Medieval science Modern science

15. Immanuel Kant 1724-1804 Prussian city of Königsberg Philosophy of modern science

16. Martin Heidegger 1889-1976 South - West Germany 1909 Jesuit novice 1927 Being & Time

17. Heidegger is controversial 1933 Hitler, Chancellor of Germany 1933 Heidegger elected rector of Freiburg University & joins NSDAP

18. What is truth? Heidegger Two notions CorrespondenceDisclosure

19. Correspondence That is true / correct! Identity-similarity-equality Truth in school DisciplinesExams School rules

20. Disclosure Insight Totality of a situation Moment of abidance – “in the truth” I am here This I know

21. Newton & Modern Optics

22. Newton & truth 1664, 22 years-old Trinity College Questiones quædam Philosophiæ (Certain philosophical questions) Amicus Plato amicus Aristoteles magis amica veritas (Plato and Aristotle are my friends, but truth is a better friend)

24. Newton’s optics 1666 Where is truth?

26. The correspondence theory of truth at work.

27. All human beings may access the truth.

28. Heidegger’s characteristics of modern science Ground-planPre-logic Measurable “Objects” Perception Expect the Real Force revelations Follow procedures Truth as correspondence Truth as disclosures of the Real Institutions Consequence of disclosures

29. Science Education Aim To have students experience disclosed truth To teach students to force reality to reveal itselfMethod Preparations that involve truth as correspondence Student demonstrations, not experiments

30. Science Education Consequences Students genuinely abide with modern science (science is not a matter of culture or opinion) All human beings stand equal in relation to their ability to experience disclosed truth

31. Science Education And society Disclosed truth in art, music, technology Foil to modernity Truth as correspondence dominates our age Disclosed truth endures with humanity

32. Science Education Science teachers Enable students to experience truth Essential for the perpetuation of science

33. Science Education Curriculum implications Curriculum structure Identify truths of disclosure Ensure experiences Indicate why standards and procedures (truth as correspondence) are important

34. Science teaching with the correspondence theory of truth