2. Types of Fish What are the three main types of fish? _________________ Can you give examples of each? jawless cartilagenous bony Lamprey, hagfish Sharks, skates and rays Bass, tuna, mackerel, etc

3. What are the four basic body forms? ___________________ fusiform depressed compressed attenuated

4. Name the Body Form Fusiform

5. Attenuated

6. Compressed

7. Depressed

8. How much of a fish’s body weight is made of muscle? _______________________ 40-75%

9. What two types of muscle fibers are found in fish? ___________________ And ___________________ red white Why is it red? Presence of myoglobin Can you give an example of a fish with each type of fiber? Tuna, mackerel grouper

10. What are the names and functions of the fins? Dorsal-prevents rolling Caudal-main locomotion Anal-prevents rolling Pelvic-turning, balancing and braking Pectoral- turning, balancing, and braking

11. What are the types of feeders? __________________ Can you give an example of each? predators nibblers strainers suckers parasites Shark, pirahna, etc Blackfish, parrotfish Herring, whale shark Sturgeon, carp Hagfish, lamprey

12. What type of digestive system do fish have? __________________ One-Way

13. Which organ of the digestive system has teeth for grinding and tearing? ________________ pharynx

14. Why would a fish have a sac shaped stomach instead of a tube shaped stomach? _______________________________ Sac shaped stomach result from fish that eat both meat and plant matter because it takes longer to digest plant matter. Why would a fish have longer intestines than another? Meat eaters have shorter intestines than omnivores because it takes longer to digest plant matter.

15. What type of circulatory system do fish have? __________________ closed

16. How many chambers does a fish heart have? ____________________ Two-one ventricle and one auricle

17. What protein in the blood is used to transport oxygen? _____________________ hemoglobin

18. Which type of fish does not have hemoglobin in its blood? _______________________ icefish WHY?? The cold water holds enough oxygen so that their blood does not need the hemoglobin

19. What are the three parts of a fish gill? ______________________ Gill filaments Gill arches Gill rakers How does each part help the fish accomplish respiration? allow dissolved oxygen to diffuse into the blood support gill rakers and gill filaments prevent particles in water from damaging filaments

20. What is the countercurrent system? Blood flows in opposite direction of water outside gill filaments. This accentuates the gradient between the two substrates.

21. What is the function of the swim bladder? ____________________ Maintains buoyancy-allows fish to change density to adjust position in the water.

22. Which types of fish do not have swim bladders? ______________________ cartilagenous

23. What does ectothermic mean? Fish cannot change their body temperature, they take on the temperature of their environment.

24. Fish are the first to have this type of nervous system. Central Nervous System-Spinal Cord with a Brain

25. What are the nares? Olfactory sensors-detect chemicals

26. What are semicircular canals? Inner ear of fish that detects gravity and rotation. Gives the fish equilibrium and balance.

27. What is the purpose of the lateral line organ? Detects vibrations in the water-movement and sound

28. What is electroreception? Ability to detect electric fields-location of prey Which type of fish have highly developed electroreception? Rays and sharks

29. What types of fish can generate electricity? Electric fish, electric eels, electric rays

30. Which organs are involved in excretion? Nephrons, or kidneys

31. How do fish get rid of nitrogenous waste? Across the gills

32. How do fresh water fish maintain water balance? Do not drink, excess water is eliminated through extremely dilute urine

33. How do salt water fish maintain water balance? Drink water, eliminate excess salt through urine, extremely concentrated urine to combat water loss.

34. What reproductive method do fish use? They are oviparous with external fertilization

35. Which types of fish can give birth to live young? Some sharks-hammerhead, gray reef shark are examples

36. Which types of fish brood their young? Cichlids, seahorses, pipefish