1. By: Raphael Chang (3) Yeo Kee Xuan (25) Yap Jian Shern

2.  Process of removing blood from a patient whose kidney is not functioning properly.  Purifies the blood and then returns it to the patient’s bloodstream.  Acts as a kidney.

3.  Two different ways.  Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.  Hemodialysis  Blood drawn from the patient into a tube which is connected to the machine.  Tube = semi-permeable membrane.  The machine  Second fluid (dialysate) flowing on the other side of the semi-permeable membrane.  Fluid has more or less the same chemical makeup as our blood; save that it has no cells and no waste substances.

4.  Peritoneal dialysis  Dialysate is introduced through a permanent tube that has been implanted in the body of the patient.  Substances move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration when suspended in water.  The urea and other waste substances in the blood will diffuse through the semi-permeable membrane and flow into the dialysate.  If the concentration of molecules in medium A is higher than medium B, and they are separated by a semi-permeable membrane, it is more likely that those in medium A will diffuse through the membrane than those in medium B because there are more of them.

5.  They will not be removed.  Cells in the blood are unable to pass through the semi-permeable membrane.  Various cells in the blood are too large to pass through the pores in the membrane.