1. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies STA and Reservoir Alternatives Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies STA and Reservoir Alternatives November 21, 2002 Presentation to EAA Storage Reservoirs Phase 1 Project Development Team

2. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Background Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies for the ECP Basins Completed October 2002 Objective Was to Evaluate Alternatives for Achieving EFA Long-term Water Quality Improvement Goals Included Alternatives for STA-2, STA-3/4, STA-5 and STA-6 ØAll Potentially Affected by EAA Storage Reservoirs Projects

3. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Background Proper Evaluation Required Assessment of Potential Influence of EAA Storage Reservoirs on STA Operation and Performance Necessary to Conduct Assessment in Advance of Full Definition of the Probable Nature of the EAA Storage Reservoirs by CERP PDTs Assessment for 50 Year Period 2007-2056 ØRequired Consideration of both Phase 1 and Phase 2 Storage Reservoir Projects

4. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Background Initial Assessment for Each STA Based on Results of SFWMM Simulation 2050wPROJ Simulation Prepared for the Specific Purpose of the BSFS Structured to Parallel as Closely as Possible Restudy Alternative D13R, Modified to Reflect One Possible Arrangement for Use of Lands Acquired in the Talisman Land Exchange (plus an additional approx. 10,000 acres for consistency with total 60,000 acres used in Restudy) Included Assumptions Which May or May Not Be Consistent With CERP Goals and Objectives

5. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Background BSFS for ECP Basins Also Included Development and Evaluation of One Integrated Alternative for STA-2, STA-3/4, STA-5 and STA-6 In Which the Assumed Design and Operation of the EAA Storage Reservoirs Projects Were Altered Substantially ØOnly One of Many Possible Alternative Configurations ØConducted For the Sole Purpose of Assessing Potential Influence on Water Quality Improvement Strategies

6. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Principal Conclusion It Does Appear Possible to Develop the EAA Storage Reservoirs Projects to Contribute to Overall Water Quality Improvement Strategies Without: ØSacrificing or Impairing the Hydrologic Functions of the Reservoirs ØIncreasing the Probable Cost of the Reservoirs

7. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins A Cautionary Note The Integrated Alternative considered in the BSFS cannot be considered as an optimized solution. The interrelationships of the various STAs and the Reservoirs are highly complex. A wide variety of alternatives should be postulated and considered in detail. Time and budget restraints inherent in the scope of the BSFS studies permitted the development of but one of the many possible adjustments which could be made.

8. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Suggestions... For enhanced performance of the Reservoirs in meeting WQ objectives, consider: ØMinimize Frequency and Duration of Dryout ØDischarge WQ Improves as Depth Increases ØTotal Loads Discharged to STAs Reduce as the Proportion of Total Inflows First Directed to Reservoirs Increase ØAtmospheric Inputs to and ET Losses From Reservoirs Increase as Surface Area Increases

9. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins …Lead To... Favor the Development of Deeper Reservoirs With Less Surface Area, to Which the Maximum Proportion of Total Basin Inflows are Directed, and in Which Strict Partitioning of Inflows by Source and Destination is Reduced. ØCan Concurrently Simplify the Design and Operation of the Reservoirs, With Attendant Beneficial Impact on Capital and O&M Costs

10. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Possible Strategies In Lieu of Compartmentalization, Consider Allocation of Storage Based On Depth in the Reservoir(s) ØReduces Total Length of Impoundment Levees, But Increases Height ØReduces Number and Total Installed Hydraulic Capacity of Pumping Stations and Other Water Control Structures

11. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Possible Strategies Maximize Use of Water Control Infrastructure Now Existing or Under Construction ØExample: Consider Use of G-370 & G- 372 as Reservoir Inflow Pumping Stations Maximizes STA-3/4 Inflows First Directed to Reservoir(s), Minimizes Loads Discharged to STA-3/4 Reduces Duplication of Installed Pumping Capacity

12. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Possible Strategies Expand Number of Sources From Which Runoff is Introduced to Reservoirs. Possibilities Include: ØMiami Canal and NNR Canal Inflows Now Simulated as Direct Inflows to STA- 3/4 ØC-139 Basin and C-139 Annex ØHillsboro Canal Inflows Now Simulated as Direct Inflows to STA-2

13. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Possible Strategies Direct Discharges from the Reservoir(s) to STAs in Proportion to Their Assimilative Capacity (e.g., Attempt to “Balance” Reservoir Discharges with Downstream Treatment Capacity)

14. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Alternatives Considered Reservoir Design and Operation as Simulated in SFWMM 2050wPROJ Modified Design and Operation ØReduced Number of Compartments ØIncreased Inflow Sources ØGreater Depths, Less Surface Area Will Discuss Both, But First, Some Limitations...

15. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Limitations Simulation Considers Entire CERP Complete (Both Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the EAA Reservoirs Project, North of Lake Okeechobee Storage, All ASR Projects) ØNeed a Simulation for Conditions Expected Upon Completion of EAA Storage Reservoirs Phase 1 Modeling for TP Reduction in Reservoirs an Initial Approximation ØNeeds More Detailed Consideration Again, Only One Integrated Alternative Considered - We Believe It Can Be Substantially Improved Upon

16. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins 2050wPROJ Simulation EAA Reservoir Modeled in 4 Components, 3 Hydraulically Linked to STA-3/4 ØA1 - Runoff from NNR & Miami Canal Basins ØA2 - Overflows from A1, & L.O.R.R. ØB - Overflows from A2, and L.O.R.R.

17. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins 2050wPROJ Simulation Fourth Compartment Hydraulically Linked to STA-6 Inflows Limited to Lake Okeechobee Regulatory Releases Exceeding Modeled Storage Capacity in Other Compartments No Discharge to Adjacent STA-5 (Treats C-139 Basin Only)

18. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins 2050wPROJ Simulation Total Surface Area of 60,000 Acres Average Annual Inflow Volume 507,000 Acre-Feet Depth Ranges From 3.4 ft. Below to 8.1 ft. Above Ground

19. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins 2050wPROJ Simulation Average Annual Inflow Volume to STAs of 1,045,000 Acre- Feet Average Annual Inflow TP Load to STAs of 123.3 Tonnes (96 ppb) *TP loads estimated using information presented in the Baseline Data Report (Goforth & Piccone, 2001)

20. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins 2050wPROJ Simulation Six New Pumping Stations, Total Installed Capacity of 16,875 cfs Eight New Spillways, Total Installed Capacity of 14,464 cfs

21. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Integrated Alternative

22. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Integrated Alternative Basic Goal - Improve Water Quality Performance Without Impacting Hydrologic Performance ØBasic Measure - Meet Simulated Water Supply Demands (Both to STAs for Environment and to EAA for Irrigation) on a Daily Basis for Entire 31-Year Period of Simulation, While Avoiding Dryout

23. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Integrated Alternative Component A ØDirect All Discharges From G-370 and G-372 to Reservoir ØModeled to Receive All Lake Okeechobee Regulatory Releases Originally Simulated As Directed to Compartments A2 and B ØModeled to Satisfy All Water Supply Demands Simulated to Be Met From Compartments A1, A2 and B

24. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Integrated Alternative Component B ØModeled to Receive All STA-2 Inflows ØAll Discharges Directed to STA-2 ØDepth Limited to Permit Use of Existing Pumping Station S-6 As Inflow Pumping Station ØNo Lake Regulatory Releases, No Water Supply Releases

25. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Integrated Alternative Component C ØModeled to Receive Simulated Lake Okeechobee Regulatory Releases Directed to Compartment C ØSatisfies Environmental Water Supply Releases to STA-6 From Simulation ØC-139 Basin Runoff Added to Inflows ØDischarges Directed to Both STA-5 and STA-6, In Proportion to Treatment Capacity

26. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Integrated Alternative In Each Component, Allocate Storage Necessary To Meet Water Supply Demands From Ground Surface Up ØIn Component A, 4.0 Ft. Depth ØIn Component C, 1.5 Ft. Depth ØComponent B Not Used to Meet Water Supply Demands (Modeled for No Withdrawal Below 1.0 Ft. Depth)

27. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Integrated Alternative Above Water Supply Storage Allocation, Releases to STAs Determined by Stage on Previous Day, With Maximum Rate of Release at Maximum Storage Depth and Equal to Hydraulic Capacity of Receiving STA ØAdjusted in Component A to Limit Maximum Storage Depth

28. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Integrated Alternative Total Surface Area Approximately 48,000 Acres Average Annual Inflow Volume of 1,238,000 Acre-Feet Depths Range from Ground to 10.9 ft. Above Ground

29. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Integrated Alternative Average Annual Inflow Volume to STAs of 1,029,000 Acre Feet Average Annual Inflow TP Load to STAs of 76.5 tonnes (60 ppb) *TP loads estimated using information presented in the Baseline Data Report (Goforth & Piccone, 2001)

30. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Integrated Alternative Four New Pumping Stations, Total Installed Capacity of 8,100 cfs Seven New Spillways, Total Installed Capacity of 15,893 cfs

31. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Integrated Alternative As Compared to 2050wPROJ Simulation, Projected to Reduce TP Load Discharged to STAs by 38%, With: Ø12,000 Acre Reduction in Surface Area Ø8,775 cfs Reduction in New Pumping Capacity (2 Fewer Stations) Ø1,429 cfs Increase in Spillway Capacity, But One Less Structure

32. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Integrated Alternative Levee Impacts ØComponent A: Length Reduced From 53 to 42 Miles, But Height Increases From Approx. 15’ to 20’ Above Grade ØComponent B: New Levee and Supply Canal Along North Line of STA-2, Otherwise No Significant Change ØComponent C: No Change in Length, Height Increases From Approx. 15’ to 18’ Above Grade

33. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Just a Starting Point! Again, Time and Budget Constraints Limited Opportunity to Consider Additional Alternatives. For EAA Reservoirs Project, Phase 1 Need a Simulation to Define Requirements Prior to Full Completion of CERP, Roll The Results of That Analysis Into Additional Alternatives Can Suggest Additional Alternatives For Consideration

34. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins One Possibility Consider Component A as Phase 1 Reservoir ØTry to Accommodate All Phase 1 Demands and Functions ØConsider Possible Contribution to Phase 2 Requirements ØStructure Generally As Previously Discussed

35. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins One Possibility Separate Compartment C From Lake Okeechobee Regulatory Releases In Total; Limit Possible Inflows to C-139 Basin and C-139 Annex. Evaluate Potential Beneficial Impact of Storage On Receiving Water Bodies. Let It Stand or Fall on Its Own Merits (e.g., Incremental Benefits vs. Incremental Costs)

36. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins One Possibility Use Compartment B to Replace the Function of Compartment C as Simulated in 2050wPROJ. Let STA-2 Stand Alone. Consider Compartment B Developed As a Smaller Reservoir Coupled with STA on the Available Footprint, Potentially Discharge to NNR Canal Immediately Upstream of S-7 (Would Tie to STA-3/4 Discharge Works).

37. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Summary It does appear possible to couple water quality improvement with the hydrologic function of the EAA Storage Reservoirs project, without impacting the hydrologic function or significantly increasing cost. Many possible adjustments can be made, need to consider a broad array - today’s discussion just a starting point

38. Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Basin-Specific Feasibility Studies Everglades Construction Project Tributary Basins Thank You! You’ve been given a difficult but extremely important assignment - good luck and God speed! Questions?