1. Definitions, Key Elements, Attributes & General Concepts of Professionalism SKILL 221 Professor Samy Azer & Professor Hanan Habib College of Medicine, King Saud University Saudi Arabia Azer/Hanan Habib (c) 2011

2. Objectives… Upon completion of this lecture, students should be able to: Understand the literature definition of “profession” and “medical professionalism”. Understand the key elements and attributes of medical/health professionalism. Understand the sources and the processes for generating a definition for medical professionalism. Discuss practical examples (case scenarios) about professionalism and key principles learnt. At the end of the lecture, identify take home messages about this lecture and why professionalism important ?. Azer /Hanan Habib(c) 2011

3. Why do we need a definition? Functions of a definition To understand the different components of a concept/definition. To know your roles/rights and those of other people involved. To have a benchmark for assessing behavior and performance. To use the definition as a guideline for providing feedback and improvement. Habib /Azer 2011

4. Definition … “If you wish to converse with me, define your terms. -- -Voltaire -Profession is the conduct, aims, or qualities that characterize a person in a work setting or profession Azer APT (c) 2011

5. Definition… Profession is an occupation whose core elements is work, based on the mastery of a complex body of knowledge and skills. Oxford English Dictionary Profession is a vocation requiring knowledge of some departments of learning or science. American College Dictionary Azer/Hanan Habib (c) 2011

6. Definition… Professionalism “constituting those attitude and behaviors that serve to maintain patient interest above physician self-interest.” American Board of Internal Medicine Professionalism is exhibited by one of the professional character, spirit or methods or the standing, practice, or methods of a professional as distinguished from an amateur’’. American College Dictionary Azer /Hanan Habib(c) 2011

7. Definition… Medicine is a vocation in which a doctor’s knowledge, clinical skills, and judgment are put in the service of protecting and restoring human well-being. This purpose is realized through a partnership between a patient and doctor, one based on mutual respect, individual responsibility and appropriate accountability. Azer /Hanan Habib(c) 2011

8. Differences between vocation and profession Vocation considered a profession if :. Practicing require formal education and a license.. Members enjoy control over their own training standards.. There is a scholarly system devoted to its standards.. Its practitioners have secured protection from state regulation. Members have a code of practice that governs their day-to-day work. Azer /Hanan Habib (C) 2011

9. Why Professionalism important ? Being productive Effective management of relationships Handling conflicts Being an ambassador Being mission-minded Azer APT (c) 2008

10. Professionalism (key elements &attributes ). Azer APT 2008

11. Professionalism: Key elements Six Columns of the building (representing professional values): Excellence. Humanism. Respect. Accountability. Altruism. Integrity and justice Azer APT, 2008. Source: Stern DT, 2006

12. Other Professional Attributes Confidentiality: keeping conversations between doctor and patients unrevealed. Trustworthiness: deserving trust or confidence Honesty: being truthful in representing facts. Loyalty: unfailing fulfillment to one’s duties and obligations. Reliability: keeping your word, honoring your commitments. Azer APT (c) 2008

13. Professionalism: key elements Four steps of the building ( representing key bases of professionalism): Ethical and Legal Boundaries. Communication and Interpersonal Skills. Continuous Learning and Self Development. Clinical Competence (Knowledge and Skills). Azer APT, 2008. Source: Stern DT, 2006

14. Key Elements 1. Excellence: Time management /Punctuality Positive attitude. Commitment to life long learning, to exceed ordinary expectations. Confidentiality. Consider the language and culture of work. Give the best of your talents and skills. Azer APT (c) 2008

15. Key Elements 2. Humanism: Empathy & Compassion. Encouragement. Support. Love and care. Positive attitude. Values and integrity. Azer APT (c) 2008

16. Key Elements 3. Respect: Respect patients, patients’ families, colleagues, and other healthcare professionals. Treat patients with dignity and respect. Demonstrated good attitude and effective communication. Respect all patients in the same way regardless to their social status. Azer APT (c) 2008

17. Key Elements 4. Accountability: Accept responsible. Always Always consider confidentiality. Work on resolving conflicts. Avoid the business of blaming others, circumstances or how much you are busy. Azer APT (c) 2008

18. Accountability To patients…………..honoring the patient/physician relationship. To the society…. …Addressing the health needs of the public. To the profession……..adhering to medicine’s ethics precepts. Azer APT (c) 2008

19. Key Elements 5. Alturism: Put the patient first. Avoid any conflict between your needs and the patients’ rights. Give full commitment to your patient. Avoid any financial or relationship biases that could have any negative impact on the patient-doctor relationship. Azer APT (C) 2008

20. Key Elements 6. Integrity and Justice: Be a principle-based person. Be honest, and stand by your words. Be fair. Do not abuse your position/authority. Do what you say. Behave in a good manner whether you are watched or not. Adhere to good work-place ethics. Azer /Hanan (C) 2010

21. Integrity Consistent regards for the highest standards of behaviors and refusal to violate one’s personal or professional codes. Azer APT (c) 2008

23. Task 1… “You research for defining professionalism by using a number of textbooks. You were astonished to find out that there are several differences in the definitions provided.” -What could possibly the cause for these differences? Azer APT (c) 2008

24. Task 2… “You are invited to join a national committee responsible for defining professionalism. There are two students on that committee and you are representing King Saud University.” -How would you approach this task ? - What resources would you use to help you in identifying the definition of professionalism. Azer APT (c) 2008

25. Take Home Message 1 Although there are common key elements in the definition of professionalism that must be fulfilled, the definition might varies depending on culture, law, and community needs. Azer /Hanan 2011

26. Take Home Message 2 Sources for defining professionalism might include: literature, published research papers, legal and ethical documents, as well as disciplinary action documents in the hospital, and workplace. These documents are confidential. Azer /Hanan 2011

27. Take Home Message 3 The definition components (key elements) should clearly define the unwritten contract between a doctor and patients.. Azer / Hanan 2011

28. Take Home Message 4 The definition of professionalism is the benchmark that we could use to check our performance and could help us to direct our goals for continuous improvement. It is also the measure that could be used to assess our performance by our patients, colleagues, and the profession.. Azer/Hanan 2011

29. ‘Individuals do not become professionals because of some sudden leap that they make into the stratosphere. Individuals become professionals because of their lifetime dedication and commitment to higher standards and ideals, honorable values, and continuous self-improvement ‘. Jim Ball Azer APT (c) 2008