1. © OECD/IEA - 2008 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS International Comparisons of Energy Use and Carbon Dioxide Emissions The IEA Indicator Approach Dr Peter G Taylor Acting Head, Energy Technology Policy Division Climate Change and Sustainable Development – The Role of Indicators Expert Group Meeting, United Nations, 15 – 16 October 2008, New York

2. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS © OECD/IEA - 2008 Overview Introduction to the IEA work Simple energy and CO 2 indicators Analysing trends and drivers CO 2 reduction potentials Conclusions

3. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS © OECD/IEA - 2008 IEA Indicators Work Establish a harmonised framework for analysis Harmonisation => Comparability Comparability => Understanding of global trends and drivers Produce meaningful cross-country analysis to provide guidance to policy-makers on: Underlying drivers (economic activity & structure, income, prices...) Trends in energy use and CO 2 emissions Energy efficiency opportunities and progress Policy effectiveness

4. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS © OECD/IEA - 2008 Shares of Global Final Energy Consumption and CO 2 Emissions by Sector, 2006

5. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS © OECD/IEA - 2008 Total Final Energy Consumption by Sector

6. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS © OECD/IEA - 2008 Total Final Energy Consumption by Energy Commodity

7. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS © OECD/IEA - 2008 Carbon Intensity of the Final Energy Mix

8. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS © OECD/IEA - 2008 CO 2 Emissions per Capita

9. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS © OECD/IEA - 2008 CO 2 Emissions per Unit of GDP 2005 values

10. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS © OECD/IEA - 2008 End-Use Coverage for Indicators

11. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS © OECD/IEA - 2008 Factors Affecting Energy-Related CO 2 Emissions Level of Energy Use Activity Structure (mix of activities) Energy intensity of each activity Carbon Intensity of Energy Use Fuel mix Carbon intensity of each fuel

12. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS © OECD/IEA - 2008 Household CO 2 Emissions by End-Use, IEA19 Note: Energy use for space heating has been climate corrected

13. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS © OECD/IEA - 2008 Energy consumption of Appliances, EU15 Average Unit Energy ConsumptionShare of Large and Small Appliances Source: ODYSSEE

14. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS © OECD/IEA - 2008 Passenger Transport CO 2 Emissions per Capita, 2005

15. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS © OECD/IEA - 2008 Energy Use per Passenger- Kilometre (All Modes)

16. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS © OECD/IEA - 2008 Share of Total Passenger Transport by Mode, 2005

17. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS © OECD/IEA - 2008 Average Fuel Intensity of the Car Stock

18. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS © OECD/IEA - 2008 Decomposition of Trends in Overall CO 2 Emissions, IEA16

19. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS © OECD/IEA - 2008 Decomposition of Trends in CO 2 per Unit of GDP

20. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS © OECD/IEA - 2008 Factors impacting CO 2 emissions from final energy use, IEA16

21. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS © OECD/IEA - 2008 Using Indicators to Calculate Reduction Potentials for CO 2 Emissions Use of BAT/BPT to assess potential in the industrial and electricity generation sectors These indicators are useful for showing: To what extent existing technology can achieve further savings Where the potential lies (countries and processes) However, there are limitations to the use of the indicators : Assess instantaneous technical potential Do not take into account practical constraints Not suitable for short-term target setting But calculated potentials are easy to understand

22. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS © OECD/IEA - 2008 CO 2 Reduction Potential in Cement, Based on Best Available Technology

23. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS © OECD/IEA - 2008 Technical Fuel and CO 2 Savings Potential from Improving the Efficiency of Electricity Production

24. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS © OECD/IEA - 2008 Key Conclusions and Policy Messages Indicators are a powerful tool for analysing trends in energy use and CO 2 emissions, and calculating potentials for further savings Results show the important role of energy efficiency in shaping patterns of energy use and CO 2 emissions in IEA countries, but gains are often offset by other factors Large potential for further energy and CO 2 savings in many industries and power generation (and other sectors) Sustainable development requires that CO 2 emissions be decoupled from economic growth, this is possible but will require strong policy-action from Governments Urgent need for governments to enhance framework for monitoring end-use energy consumption and address the gaps in available statistical data

25. © OECD/IEA - 2008 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis ENERGY INDICATORS Thank you ! contact: energyindicators@iea.org The latest IEA indicators report (published May 2008) is available for free download at: www.iea.org/Textbase/Papers/2008/Indicators_2008.pdf www.iea.org/Textbase/Papers/2008/Indicators_2008.pdf