1. + The Protestant Reformation

2. + Started in the early 1500s Protestant: someone who protests Reformation: a movement to change something (in this case the Catholic Church) Dissenter: one who disagrees and goes against the norm

3. + Jan Hus Czech Against the doctrines (teachings) of the Church Burned at the stake Early Dissenters JohnWycliffe 1331 - 1384 Jan Hus 1369 - 1415 John Wycliffe English Bible into the vernacular Bible is the only authority Died but body dug up and bones burned

4. + Wealthy and powerful Catered to the uneducated people, how? Charged people indulgences (paying for forgiveness) The Catholic Church

5. + Martin Luther 1483 – 1546 German monk Against indulgences Salvation through faith alone Posted the 95 Theses on the door of the Wittenberg Church in 1517 Excommunicated from the Church

6. + Wittenberg Church

7. + John Calvin 1509 – 1564 Believed in predestination Established a theocracy in in Geneva, Switzerland in 1555 Presbyterian Church branched off from Calvin. Calvinists in Scotland 5 Points of Calvinism

8. + The English Reformation Started with King Henry VIII due to pure selfishness Henry wanted a male heir to the throne Henry wanted a divorce, needed annul marriage. (Pope’s orders) Eventually married 6 times! Henry leaves the Catholic Church and starts his own church. The Act of Supremacy 1534 puts him in charge of the new Church of England Seized Catholic lands & $$$

9. + Queen Elizabeth Daughter of Henry VIII & Anne Boleyn (Henry’s 2 nd wife) Took the throne in 1558 and ruled for almost 45 years. Reign was known as The Golden Age Birth of Shakespeare Defeat of the Spanish Armada England became a world power “The Virgin Queen” dated but never married VA named after Elizabeth I Religious tolerance Nationalized the Church of England. Known as the Anglican Church

10. + French wars of the Reformation 1562 – 1598 France predominantly a Catholic country French Catholics vs. French Protestants (Huguenots) Started with the Massacre of Vassy Ended with the Edict of Nantes Edict of Nantes: CreatedCreated religious tolerance in France AllowedAllowed French Protestants certain civil rights ReaffirmedReaffirmed Catholicism as the established religion in France SignedSigned by Henry IV

11. + German wars of the Reformation Germany known as the Holy Roman Empire Luther excommunicated and starts Lutheranism Princes support Luther Fighting between the Catholics and the Protestants: Thirty Years’ War Peace of Westphalia EndedEnded Thirty Years’ War GaveGave some European countries their independence AllowsAllows for religious toleration. Any country could chose their religion.

13. + The Catholic Counter-Reformation The Council of Trent Met from 1545 – 1563 The Church’s reply to the Protestant Reformation The church's interpretation of the Bible was final. Any Christian who did not agree with the interpretation was a heretic. Faith and good works get salvation (not just faith like Martin Luther said) Catholic practices such as Indulgences & pilgrimages were strongly reaffirmed.

14. + The Inquisition Around for centuries Re-booted during the Reformation Maintain the orthodoxy of the Catholic Church Established the Index of Forbidden Books

15. SPANISH INQUISITION Goal was to ensure that recent converts were truly Catholic (Catholics had recently reconquered Spain from the Muslims in 1492) Known for their extreme brutality

16. + The Jesuits (The Society of Jesus) Founded in 1534 by St. Ignatius of Loyola Founded schools to spread Catholicism All male organization: poverty, chastity, and obedience Sent Missionaries around the Globe to places such as Paraguay, Japan, Canada