1. Lecture 15

2. Maintaining blood Glc levels Glucose is the energy source for many tissues Need to keep blood glucose level constant Not taking in Glc  Blood glucose falls How to put Glc into blood?

3. Carbon sources for Gluconeogeneis: Cori cycle

4. Carbon sources for Gluconeogeneis

5. Gluconeogenesis Reverse of glycolysis What step/s have to be different?

6. Cellular compartments Where does Glycolysis occur? Where does TCA occur?

7. Compartmentalization http:// www.sabiosciences.com/pathwaymagazine/minireview/mitchondrial_energy_metabolism.php

8. 1: How to make PEP? Cannot directly convert Pyruvate to PEP So, make Oxaloacetate

9. 1: How to make PEP? Metabolite compartmentalization must be overcome

10. 1: How to make PEP?

11. 2: If you don’t like it!

12. Remember Fru 2,6-bis-PO 4 ?

13. 3. If you really don’t like it!

14. Reversing Glycolysis

16. Avoiding “futile” cycles

17. Signaling cascade recap LIVER Example 2: Phosphofructokinase 2 Pancreas Low Glc ? ? Fru 2,6 bis-PO 4 Adenylate cyclase ? PKA ? ? PFK1; ? FBPase1 ? GLYCOLYSIS ? GLUCONEOGENESIS

18. Coordinating metabolism: Recap Decreased Blood sugar Make hormone: ___________________ Effect on liver: ___________________ Effect on muscle: ___________________ Effect on adipose tissue: ___________________ Increase Blood sugar Make hormone: ___________________ Effect on liver: ___________________ Effect on muscle: ___________________ Effect on adipose tissue: ___________________