2. Aim: Theoretical Probability Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Aim: What is the probability of understanding probability? Do Now: How many different possibilities, or outcomes are there with the roll of 1 die? How many cards are there is a deck of playing cards? How many aces?

3. Aim: Theoretical Probability Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Experimental or Empirical Probability Probability -The likelihood an event will occur. gathering data through observations to determine the likelihood of an event occurring is called experimental or empirical probability and is expressed mathematically as a ratio. Ex. Eli Manning completes 30 of 40 passes. The probability of a completion is ¾.

4. Aim: Theoretical Probability Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Theoretical Probability Theoretical probability Theoretical probability - the number of ways that an event CAN occur divided by the total number of possible outcomes.  outcome - a result of some activity  sample space - all possible outcomes  event - any subset of the sample space P(E) - probability of event E n(E) - the number of ways event E can occur n(S) - the number of possible outcomes Probability is expressed as a ratio or a percent. Ex. The probability of rolling a pair of dice a getting a twelve is 1 in 36 or you have less than a 3% chance of rolling a 12.

5. Aim: Theoretical Probability Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Probability Sample space: n outcomes Event A: m outcome In a class of 147 students, 95 are taking math (M), 73 are taking science (S) and 52 are taking both. MS435221 P(taking M or S or both) 31

6. Aim: Theoretical Probability Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Geometric Probability 20 10 5 2 1 What must we know to find the probability of scoring a 20 on the toss of a dart? 5r5r The areas of the circle and each of the rings If the radius of the circle is 5r and each ring is r wide, what is the probability of scoring 20 on one toss?

7. Aim: Theoretical Probability Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Numerical Values of Probability The values of probability ratios range from 0 through 1. A probability of 0 means that the outcome will never happen. A probability of 1 means that the outcome will be certain to happen. The closer a probability is to 0, the less likely the outcome. The probability of event (A) plus the probability of "not A” or ~A, equals 1: P(A) + P(~A) = 1 Values for a Probability Ratio

8. Aim: Theoretical Probability Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Numerical Values of Probability The probability of an event E must be equal to or greater than zero (0) and less than or equal to one (1). Values for a Probability Ratio 0 1.5 Always Even Chance NeverNot Likely Likely.75.25 What is the probability of rolling 13 with a pair of dice? 0

9. Aim: Theoretical Probability Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. The Spinner What is the probability of landing on red?

10. Aim: Theoretical Probability Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. What’s the difference between spinners? UniformBiased or weighted Each event has an equal chance of occurring Each event has an unequal chance of occurring P(Red) = 1/8P(Red) = 2/8 P(Blue) = 1/8P(Blue) = 2/8

11. Aim: Theoretical Probability Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Model Problem A letter is chosen at random from the word REED. A. List the sample space. B. Find the probability of choosing an E. A. {R, E, E, D} P(E) = Number of E’s Number of letters P(E) = 2 4 or 1/2 B.

12. Aim: Theoretical Probability Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Model Problems A bag contains a nickel, a dime and a quarter. A person selects one of the coins. What is the probability that the coin is worth A. Exactly ten cents B. Exactly three cents C. More than three cents. P(coin is worth.10) = 1/3 P(coin is worth.03) = 0/3 P(coin is worth >.03) = 3/3 = 1

13. Aim: Theoretical Probability Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Model Problems The name of a quadrilateral is selected at random from the set {parallelogram, rhombus, rectangle, square, trapezoid, isosceles trapezoid}. What is the probability of selecting the name of a quadrilateral that has: a.Both pairs of opposite sides congruent? b. Congruent diagonals. c.Perpendicular diagonals Subset: {parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus} P = 4/6 Subset: {rectangle, square, isosceles trapezoid} P = 3/6 Subset: {square, rhombus} P = 2/6

14. Aim: Theoretical Probability Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Model Problems 1. An urn (jar) contains 4 red marbles and 6 white marbles. If one marble is drawn at random, what is the probability that it will be blue? 2. The probability that we will win the baseball game is x/5. What is the probability that we will not win the game? 3. If t represents the probability the event T will occur, what is the probability that event ~T will not occur?

15. Aim: Theoretical Probability Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Model Problem In the Sullivan family, there are two more girls than boys. At random, Mrs. Sullivan asks one of her children to go to the store. If she is equally likely to ask any one of her children, and the probability that she asks a girl is 2/3, how many boys and how many girls are there is the Sullivan family? x = number of boys x + 2 = number of girls 2x + 2 = number of children P(girl) = Number of girls Number of children x + 2 2x + 2 2 3 = 4x + 4 = 3x + 6 x = 2 2 4

16. Aim: Theoretical Probability Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Model Problem In a class of 147 students, 95 are taking math (M), 73 are taking science (S) and 52 are taking both. MS435221 P(taking M or S or both) 31