1. Capacity development: Our generic learning – applicable to migration support Volker Hauck, Head of Programme Conflict, Security and Resilience ICMPD Capacity Development Workshop, 23 September 2015, Brussels

2.  “CD” – some conceptual points of departure  Where we are coming from  Key lessons learnt  More talk than walk?  Towards the future Overview

3. ... for clarification:  Capacity - A property in its own right... Is the ability of people, organisations and society as a whole to manage their affairs successfully = result  Capacity development - An endogenous process, by which people, organisations and society as a whole strengthen, create, adapt and maintain capacity over time = process  Capacity development support - refers to what outside partners to a change process (domestic or foreign) can do to support, facilitate or catalyse capacity development = input Three conceptual markers...

4. “CD” – a simplistic thinking model

5.  Subject of considerable intellectual effort over past 25+ years => sophisticated ideas developed, challenging the mainstream: research, evaluations, methodologies, expert working groups, etc. => a practice area  CD as at the heart of good development theory and practice concerned with sustainability and empowerment – yet has always struggled to gain centre stage, and legitimacy– while a cliché, it is in essence about “teaching a man to fish”  Has a multi-disciplinary “DNA” – with roots in community development; participation; political science/ governance and public admin; management sciences; human security; systems thinking; complexity theory; resilience … “CD” – in a nutshell

6.  Concerns about shaping effective national development processes already present implicitly in Marshall plan  Period of decolonisation (1960’s & 1970’s): helping young nations - focus on institution building, infrastructure development and training – statebuilding in cold war context  1980’s & 1990’s: growing appreciation of local context, participation, partnership, political economy, role of donors  Early 1990’s: strong criticism about effectiveness of technical cooperation for CD (UNDP’s “Berg Report” - 1993)  1990’s & 2000’s: emerging concerns about conflict & fragility and human security (Somalia; Rwanda; Bosnia) “CD” – a close relationship with aid (1)

7.  Early efforts at state building through transplantation were not working: new approaches needed with more emphasis on process, acknowledging context & the politics of change  Institutions and good government matter: if the right policies are to be developed and implemented, can’t just focus on the hardware  Empowerment and participation essential: necessary to avoid dependency, promote sustainability, develop local leadership and build ownership at all levels  Development is an endogenous process: there is only so much external partners can do; how to engage is critical  Technical Assistance effective only, if demand driven “CD” discourse recognized that...

8.  1990’s & 2000’s: development of aid effectiveness agenda => OECD-DAC’s (Informal Network on Institutional and Capacity Development): Rome, Paris, Accra & Busan HLF’s  Paris Declaration (2005): five aid effectiveness principles – ownership; alignment; harmonisation; focus on results; and mutual accountability  DAC Good Practice Paper (2006): stocktaking and consensus on how to understand “CD” and what constitutes good practice  Busan 2011: “New Deal for Engagement in Fragile Environments” – peace & statebuilding: legitimate politics; justice; security; economic foundations; revenues & services “CD” – a close relationship with aid (2)

9.  An informed language and terminology: consensus to look at capacity from interrelated individual, organisational, larger system levels; (hard) tangibles as well as (soft) intangibles matter (relevant for support; monitoring & evaluation)  Ownership of change: As a principle, stakeholders, their organisations and networks need to drive their own capacity development processes; and request for assistance if needed  Context: To strengthen capacity, one needs to understand and respect the existing competencies and capabilities, multi-actor engagements, development processes and political context already in place Six key lessons from CD (1)

10.  Dealing with complexity: Those who aim to enhance capacity, are challenged to understand how capacity develops endogenously over time (and invest in it)  Working through multiple entry points and tools: from individual HR development to OD to more holistic notions of institutional reform and societal transformation => need to think more strategically about purpose, entry points & change  Aid practices and behaviour: Adapt rules, hierarchies and accountability mechanisms to create space for stakeholders to improvise and find out-of-the-box solutions Six key lessons from CD (2)

11.  Has influenced international debates and guidance => aid effectiveness agenda; NGO thinking & practice; climate adaptation, migration, finance, etc.  Is more prominent in African development discourse => ACBF capacity indicators; AUC training; ECA CD Strategy  Consensus among DP’s around the 2006 DAC Good Practice paper, but implementation patchy  Testing of new aid modalities, more aligned with country processes (pooled funding, [sector] budget support)  Design and use of new assessment frameworks to monitor CD progress, such as the 5C’s (Core Capabilities Framework) “CD” – all talk, but what about action?

12. Lessons applied: the TTI programme (1)

13.  Thorough investigation of context ahead of intervention  Support through a flexible, incremental and more open ended process – taking into account different political contexts  Applying a theory of change, stressing strategic engagement for change, not bound by a rigid logical framework  Taking risks through provision of core funding to individual think tanks, but accompanied through close monitoring  Focus on learning and innovation - demand led CD support  Multi-donor engagement through pooled funding Lessons applied: the TTI programme (2)

14.  A changing international playing field – new development actors; growing domestic resources; more diversification of development finance; growing South-South cooperation  More Southern leadership in capacity development in search for home-grown agenda’s and change strategies... ... but traditional capacity development support remains a supply driven domain – however, role of donors will diminish  Shifting interest to support the demand-side for change => civil society, parliaments, etc. as drivers for societal transformation, voicing claims for downward accountability Towards the future – key trends (1)

15.  Enhanced cross-sector collaboration and private sector engagement; growth of multi-actor development partnerships  Increasing diversity of sources of knowledge, harmonization of knowledge standards; ease of access through modern information technology  Special attention to fragile states will remain top priority; application of innovative approaches difficult, though intense learning informs current practice (e.g., DEVCO: EU trust funds; state building contracts; comprehensive approach; etc.)  Growing attention to CD and coherence issues (e.g., between climate adaptation, disaster management and peacebuilding) Towards the future – key trends (2)

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