1. Barriers in front of information Ayhan Kaygusuz Istanbul Şehir University

2. First examples of intellectual productions The Venus of Willendorf - 24,000 BC Man from Brno, Czech Republic - c.30,000 BC Mammoth from Vogelherd Cave, Germany c.25,000 BC Mother Goddess from Laussel, France - c.22,000 BC Woman's Head from Brassempouy, France - c.22,000 BC Clay Bison, Tuc d'Audoubert, Ariege - c.15,000 BC Mother Goddess of Catal Huyuk - c.6000 BC Man and Woman from Cernavoda Romania - c.4000 BC Stone Henge, Salisbury England - c.2100 BC Moai Statues, Easter Island, Chile - Disputed Time Range Lascaux France Cave Lascaux France Bull

3. First examples of intellectual productions

4. Production and recording information

9. Circulation of information

10. Circulation of information Liber Chronicarum (Nuremberg Chronicle) The Gentleman’s Magazine

11. Storage and preservation of information

12. 1990s

13. After Internet Instant messaging, Voice over Internet, Two-way interactive video calls, World Wide Web Discussion forums, Social networking, Online shopping And production and publishing scientific information

14. Main differences between the old times and now Amount of information is not comparable The media, -information carriers- are different Delivery method of information has completly changed, Storage and preservation of information are much more complicated and expensive than the old times.

16. Information technology may be a primary reason for information overload due to its ability to produce more information more quickly and to disseminate this information to a wider audience than ever before (Evaristo, Adams, & Curley, 1995).

17. How much information? Release date: October 27, 2003. © 2003 Regents of the University of California

18. Size of digital universe The Expanding Digital Universe : a Forecast of Worldwide Information Growth Through 2010, IDC White Paper, March 2007

22. Scientific information

25. OA publishing

26. Digital divide Digital divide describes the gap between those who have already access to information and communication technology and the skills to make use of those technology and those who do not have the access or skills to use those same technologies within a geographic area, society or community. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_divide http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_divide

27. Barriers to access information There are several barriers in front of information varying by countries, regions, societies and genders. Some of them are; Technical barriers, Financial barriers, Information literacy issues

29. Broadband Commission Statshot - September 2012

30. Growth between developing and Developed World Between 2010-2011

32. Broadband Costs

35. Processing and protecting information The amount of information in the digital universe that is "tagged" accounts for only about 3% of the digital universe in 2012, and that which is analyzed is half a percent of the digital universe. IDC's Digital Universe Study Much of the digital universe is unprotected. IDC estimates that about a third of the data in the digital universe requires some type of protection.

36. Interoperability Interoperability refers to how well two or more systems work together to achieve a common goal. Investigation of Information Systems Interoperability in UK universities, Menzies, Birrell and Dunsire, 2011. Interoperability is multilateral by nature and is best understood as a shared value of a community. European Interoperability Framework (EIF) for European public services, Bruxelles, le 16.12.2010 COM(2010) 744 final

37. Needs for Interoperability; cooperation among public administrations with the aim to establish public services; exchanging information among public administrations to fulfil legal requirements or political commitments; sharing and reusing information among public administrations to increase administrative efficiency and cut red tape for citizens and businesses. Benefits of interoperability; improved public service delivery to citizens and businesses by facilitating the one-stop-shop delivery of public services; lower costs for public administrations, businesses and citizens due to the efficient delivery of public services. European Interoperability Framework (EIF) for European public services, Bruxelles, le 16.12.2010 COM(2010) 744 final

38. Financial Barriers

41. Library Expenditure in Total University Expenditure

42. ARL Statistics 2007-2008 2010-2011

43. Literacy Issues

46. The following content languages are used by less than 0.1% of the websites

47. As a result, ICT have had a great impact on production and distribution of information. But all individuals and societies do not have equal opportunities to access the information because of technical, financial and literacy barriers. Growth and circulation of information are positive developments and we see the effects and contributions of these developments in our everyday lives. Unfortunately these positive developments will widen gap between societies and digital divide will be one of the most important issues of the world.

48. Figures about Turkish HEI 76 million people, % 43 under 25 years old 2 million students take exam to enter university 104 state and 72 foundation, 176 universities 99 of the universities established after 2006 5.4 million students in all levels of higher education 280.000 master’s and doctoral students 142.000 teaching and reserach staff in HEI Around 30.000 articles are published in citation indexes per year

49. National Academic Repository Project Training materials have been prepared and published on the website of the HEC in February 2014. A training program was organised for 327 librarians and IT staff of 176 universities on 3rd of March. A frame Policy document has been created on IR&OA for the Higher Education Council and all universities have been asked to create their own policies in accordance with that frame policy in April 2014. In addition to the provisions on instituonal repositories and open access HEC encourages the universities to create Research Data Management policies. For sharing the experiences and easily exchanging and harvesting data Dspace has been recommended to universities. Universities will install, register and test Dspace until end of May 2014. Second seminar will be organised for the librarians and practical issues, such as creating accounts, data entry, copyrights issues will be disscussed in the seminar on 30th of May. Libraries will create or convert their data into Dspace between June-October 2014. The HEC will design a platform for harvesting all IR of the universities until October 2014. Thesis and dissertations will be converted into the new system in the HEC. First results of the project will be evaluated in the “open access week” on 20-21 October 2014. At the end of that project the HEC will take initiative to suggest a national OA Policy, including research data, to the related institution.

51. e-Türkiye

52. e-state It is in service since December 2008 44 public institutions, 380 services, 18 million users by the May 2014, The goals of the project are; To improve delivery of public services to Turkish citizens through a single platform. Reduce the costs for public administrations and citizens by delivering efficient public services.

53. e-state

57. Information Overload Revisited http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199290468.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199290468-e-3 Libraries and Society: Role, Responsibility and Future in an Age of Change edited by David P. Baker,Wendy Evans http://books.google.com.tr/books?id=HxdtAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT159&dq=libraries+and+society&hl=tr&sa=X&ei=pG1sU8DlLqqY0QWWuIEQ&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=libraries%20and%20society&f=false Widening access to research information: A response John Houghton and Charles Oppenheim January 2010 http://www.cfses.com/EI-ASPM/Comments-on-Hall(Houghton&Oppenheim).pdf The Influence of Task Interruption on Individual Decision Making: An Information Overload Perspective http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1999.tb01613.x/abstract Information Load Revisited: A Theoretical Model Roberto Evaristo, Carl Adams, Shawn Curley, 1995