1. Networking Basics Networking and Web Design Mrs. Zajicek Spring 2013

2. Computer Networking Defined Communication between computer systems Sometimes considered a sub-discipline of telecommunications (defined as communication of information over a distance)

3. Networking Pros and Cons Advantages – share software, hardware (printers, scanners) – more efficient use of resources Disadvantages – associated equipment costs, set up difficulties, security

4. Elements of a Network Hardware (computers, printers, etc.) Network Interface Cards (NIC) Cabling or wireless equipment Hubs, routers, switches, repeaters depending on structure and size of network

5. Networking Structures ATM – Asynchronous Transfer Mode Token Ring Ethernet

6. Networking Structures (Con’t) ATM – Asynchronous transfer mode – based on transmitting data in smaller units called cells. ATM creates a fixed channel for the duration of transmittal making it ideal for large files like multimedia Used by many telephone companies Major component of Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) Complexity has kept this from being a popular small scale networking option

7. Networking Structures (Con’t) Token Ring – computers are arranged in a circle and a token is passed around. When a message is to be sent, the token is captured and the message attached. When the transmittal is complete a new token is created. Used in industrial settings Very dependable – no collisions and will remain functional with one segment down

8. Token Ring

9. Networking Structures (Con’t) Ethernet – messages are sent to each “node” through the network “medium” but only fully read by node with the correct destination address (IP [Internet Protocol] address) Most common Can be used in large or small scale situations Wireless uses this structure

10. Ethernet

11. Ethernet Mediums Cables and connectors Coax RJ11RJ45

12. Ethernet Mediums (Con’t) Wireless Wireless Access Point Wireless Network Interface Card

13. Network Areas Networks can cover a few inches or thousands of miles. There are some acronyms that are used to describe these differences…

14. Network Areas (Con’t) Geier, Jim. Wireless Networks first-step. Cisco Press. Indianapolis, Indiana. 2005.

15. Protocols Defined According to Webopedia – An agreed-upon format for transmitting data between two devices. The protocol determines the following:formatdatadevices the type of error checking to be used data compression method, if any data compression how the sending device will indicate that it has finished sending a message how the receiving device will indicate that it has received a message

16. Common Protocols TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol – used by the Internet; standard for transmitting data over networks; dependent on IP addresses HTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol POP – Post Office Protocol SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol FTP – File Transfer Protocol

17. Practical Uses of Networks Home networks are becoming more and more popular Share data among all computers in the house Network AV equipment Wireless technology gets rid of wiring mess and hassles

18. Set up a LAN Depending on how much equipment you have, choose between a client- server or peer to peer LAN

19. Client-Server LAN One machine is dedicated server for storage and applications. No one uses the server as a workstation.

20. Peer-to-Peer LAN All computers are workstations and have equal access on the network. Most home LANS are peer to peer.

21. Equipment Needed NIC cards for all machines (standard equipment on new computers, under $30 for those without) CAT6 cable – enough to wire all machines Networking software – standard in Windows operating system for most simple LANs For wireless – NICs will be more expensive; need a WAP instead of cable; WAP will have software for setup and security

22. Conclusions As technology becomes more accessible, home networks become more commonplace because they are such an efficient way to use resources Ethernet is the most common networking structure for LANs LAN structure can be client-server or peer to peer Ethernet can be wireless or cabled Protocols insure that PANs, LANs, MANs and WANs can all communicate