1. Pearson Education, Inc.; Longman © 2006 American Government: Policy & Politics, Eighth Edition TANNAHILL Chapter 3 The Federal System

2. Pearson Education, Inc.; Longman © 2006 In This Chapter We Will Cover The constitutional basis of federalism Federal grant programs

3. Pearson Education, Inc.; Longman © 2006 The Constitutional Basis of Federalism A federal system is a political system that divides power between a central government, with authority over the whole nation, and a series of state governments.

4. Pearson Education, Inc.; Longman © 2006 The Constitutional Basis of Federalism –Powers of the National Government The Constitution grants each branch of government certain delegated powers. The powers of the legislative branch »Power of the purse »Necessary and proper clause

5. Pearson Education, Inc.; Longman © 2006 The Constitutional Basis of Federalism The Powers of the Judicial Branch »Power to interpret laws The Powers of the Executive Branch »Power to enforce laws »President is commander in chief of armed forces »Power to make treaties »Power to appoint judges and ambassadors

6. Pearson Education, Inc.; Longman © 2006 The Constitutional Status of the States Full Faith and Credit Clause –States must recognize the official acts of other states.

7. Pearson Education, Inc.; Longman © 2006 The Constitutional Status of the States Privileges and Immunities Clause –States must not discriminate against citizens of other states.

8. Pearson Education, Inc.; Longman © 2006 The Constitutional Status of the States Extradition –One state must return to another state a person accused of a crime.

9. Pearson Education, Inc.; Longman © 2006 The Constitutional Status of the States Reserved or Residual Powers –The Tenth Amendment gives states the powers not delegated to the national government.

10. Pearson Education, Inc.; Longman © 2006 The States’ Rights/National Government Supremacy Controversy States’ rights –This is the view that the Constitution favors limiting the authority of the federal government while expanding the powers of the states. Strong national government –This view holds that national control makes for better public policy by setting policy standards for the entire country.

11. Pearson Education, Inc.; Longman © 2006 The Federal System and the Supreme Court McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) The New Deal and the Commerce Clause The Brady Act Sovereign Immunity

12. Pearson Education, Inc.; Longman © 2006 Federal Grant Programs A federal grant program is a program through which the national government gives money to state and local governments to spend in accordance with set standards and conditions.

13. Pearson Education, Inc.; Longman © 2006 Department of Education Budget

14. Pearson Education, Inc.; Longman © 2006 Federal Grant Programs –Types of Federal Programs Categorical grants provide funds for a fairly narrow, specific purpose (e.g. asbestos removal). Block grants provide funds in a broad, general area (e.g. childcare). Project grants require state and local governments to compete for funds by submitting applications (e.g. teacher training). Formula grants award funds to every state or locality that qualifies on the basis of a formula set by Congress.

15. Pearson Education, Inc.; Longman © 2006 Concluding Review Questions What are the arguments for and against federal involvement in public education? What are the powers of the national government? What is the status of states in the federal system?

16. Pearson Education, Inc.; Longman © 2006 Concluding Review Questions How have Supreme Court rulings impacted the federal system? What are the different types and forms of federal programs? How does the federal system affect the policymaking process?