1. PROJECT PROPOSAL ORAL PRESENTATON TOPIC: EFFICACY OF PRESENTO TOP 100 WDG FOR THE CONTROL OF PEA APHIDS IN SNOW PEAS. NAME: NGALA M. RODGERS REG NO.: A22/0011/2009 BSc. AGRICULTURE (CROP PROTECTION MAJOR) SUPERVISOR: PROF. FLORENCE OLUBAYO DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCE AND CROP PROTECTION

2. INTRODUCTION  134, 000 tonnes of fresh fruits and vegetables are exported to the international market; mainly Europe in 2006/2007 (HCDA, 2007).  Kenya is major supplier of high-value horticultural produce; green beans, snow peas (mange-touts), runner beans, okra, chillies, avocados, mangoes, and cut flowers.  Snow peas (mange-tout) have replaced Asian vegetables (okra, chillies, squashes) as the 2 nd most exported vegetables after green beans (HCDA,2006).  Snow peas accounts for 5% of high-value horticulture produce exported to international market (HCDA,2006).

3. Importance of Snow peas (Pisum sativum) 1.Mainly for export; increasing demand in Europe (U.K, Hollands, France etc) 2.Worldwide, cultivated for fresh green seeds, tender green pods, dried seeds and foliage (Duke, 1981). 3.Green peas are eaten cooked as a vegetable, and are marketed fresh, canned, or frozen while ripe dried peas are used whole, split, or made into flour (Davies et al. 1985). 4.In some parts of the world, dried peas are consumed split as dhal, roasted, parched or boiled. 5.Traditionally, peas are used as medicine. The seeds are known to treat dysentery when eaten raw. 6.In some places, for green manure (Adu-Gyamfi et al., 2007) Constraints to Snow peas Production in Kenya  Weeds  Pests  Diseases

4. Pest Concern Pea Aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum)  Estimated to cause annual loss of hundreds of millions of dollars worth of crop in USA alone (Oerke 1994; Morrison and Peairs 1998).  Feeding alone can result in either plant death or cosmetic damage that can make a crop undesirable.  Cause primary damage to crops due to their ability to vector devastating plant viruses especially winged morphs (Nault 1997; Blackman and Eastop 2000; Nault et al. 2004).  Pea aphid is considered as a mid agricultural pest on alfalfa and clover, vectoring more than 30 viral diseases (Blackman and Eastop 2000).

5. OBJECTIVES of the Study General Objective  To contribute to an effective strategy of managing pea aphids to increase production and clean snow peas for the market. Specific Objective  To test the effectiveness of PRESENTO TOP 100 WDG in management of pea aphids in snow peas and encourage its use by the farmers.

6. PROBLEM STATEMENT  Snow peas is susceptible to many pests especially pea aphid (Auclair and Srivastava, 1977).  New races of pea aphids that are resistant to chemicals, EMPEROR 18 EC (Abamectin). JUSTIFICATION  There is need to develop a strategy that is affordable and appropriate to both small scale and large scale farmers, hence the evaluation of PRESENTO TOP with additional active ingredient (Acetamiprid 80g/kg).

7. Materials and Equipments  Snow pea seeds  Jembe  Pesticides ◦ EMPEROR 18 EC (Abamectin 18g/litre) ◦ PRESENTO TOP 100 WDG (Acetamiprid 80g/kg + Abamectin 20g/kg)  Knapsack sprayer  Tape measure  Strings and pegs  Watering can  Fertilizer

8. METHODOLOGY  Site; at at the College of Agriculture and Veterinary Services (Upper Kabete) field station  Field Station,  Experimental layout (RCBD)  Crop Establishment  Data collection  Data analysis (ANOVA)

9. Plot Layout Experimental Plot Layout Description of treatments Blocks (B)Treatments (T) Block 1T4T5T2T3T1 Block 2T3T4T1T5T2 Block 3T1T5T2T3T4 Block 4T2T4T5T1T3 T1 will be treated with PRESENTO TOP @ 0.75g/5l of water. T2 will be treated with PRESENTO TOP @ 1g/5l of water. T3 will be treated with PRESENTO TOP @ 1.25g/5l of water. T4 will treated with EMPEROR @ 3.75ml/5l of water; a standard chemical, positive control. T5 is control, negative control.

10. Work Plan ActivityFebruaryMarchApril Proposal writing Proposal presentation Agronomic practices Data collection Data analysis Project report writing Project presentation Project report submission

11. Budget ItemQuantityTotal Cost (Ksh) Snow pea seeds2 packets @ 350/=750 D.A.P3 kg @ 90/=270 C.A. N3 kg @ 70/=210 Fungicide (MASTER 72)1 kg @ 600/=600 PRESENTO TOP EMPEROR1 liter @ 850/=850 Labor14 days @ 400/=5, 600 Total8, 280

12. THANK YOU