1. M IDDLE E AST CULTURES

2. W ORDS TO K NOW Arab Berber Bedouin Jewish Kurd Persian Turk

3. G RAPHIC O RGANIZER ( ONE OF THESE WILL BE USED FOR EACH CULTURE ) Culture Location Language Religion Life Style

4. E THNIC GROUP VS. R ELIGIOUS G ROUP Ethnic groups share many common characteristics such as language, physical features, customs, and traditions. Religious groups share a common belief system but are not necessarily composted of a single ethnic group.

5. A RAB Arabic culture was first spread in the Middle East beginning in the 2nd century as ethnically Arab Christians began migrating into the Northern Arabian Desert and the Levant. The Arabic language gained greater prominence with the rise of Islam in the 7th century AD as the language of the Qur'an.

6. A RAB Arab: someone who can trace his or her ancestry to the tribes of Arabia (the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula) and the Syrian Desert. Language is Arabic, including any of its varieties. Location-throughout the world however mostly in North Africa and the Middle East.

7. G RAPHIC O RGANIZER Arab Middle East and North Africa Arabic Predominately Islam Varied (Modern, nomad, to poor)

8. J EW Judaism shares some of the characteristics of a nation, an ethnicity, a religion, and a culture, making the definition of who is a Jew vary slightly depending on whether a religious or national approach to identity is used. Language: Hebrew although English is spoken throughout Israel.

9. J EW Israel is home for much of the Jewish population in Southwest Asia. Many of the people who live in Israel today where born there. However, the ancestors of these people moved to Israel from many other countries. Much of the migration happened during the 20 th century, after the formation of Israel in the late 1940’s. The Law of Return in Israel says that a Jew from any other country can automatically have citizenship in Israel.

10. G RAPHIC O RGANIZER Jewish Predominately Israel although found throughout the world Hebrew Judaism Modern (House, car, TV, and so on)

11. B ERBER The Berbers where the original people of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. Between fourteen and twenty-five million Berber speakers live within this region, most densely in Morocco. Most Berbers live a traditional way of life and have their own language. The Berbers that live in the mountains are farmers while those living in the desert are nomads. Most practice Islam although other religions are allowed.

12. G RAPHIC O RGANIZER Berber North Africa Berber Islam Farmers, Nomads

13. LFS Q UESTION Which culture is, for the most part, limited to one country in the Middle East?

14. B EDOUIN Bedouin, are a desert-dwelling Arab nomads, found throughout most of the desert belt extending from the Atlantic coast of the Sahara to the Arabian Desert. Language: Arabic Religion: Islam

15. B EDOUIN Starting in the 1950's as well as the 1960s, many Bedouins started to leave the traditional, nomadic life to settle in the cities of the Middle East. Government policies in Egypt and Israel, oil production in Libya and the Persian Gulf, and a desire for improved standards of living have had the effect that most Bedouin are now settled citizens of various nations, rather than nomadic herders.

16. G RAPHIC O RGANIZER Bedouin Arabian Peninsula Arabic IslamNomads

17. K URD The Kurds are a group indigenous to a region often referred to as Kurdistan, an area that includes adjacent parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey. They speak Kurdish, an Indo-European language of the Iranian branch.

18. G RAPHIC O RGANIZER Kurd Turkey, Iraq, Iran Kurdish Most are Muslim Varies (Modern to Poor)

19. P ERSIAN The Persians are an ethnic group that lived in Iran before the arrival of Islam in the 7 th century. Persians make up about half of Iran’s current population. They have their own language called Persian or Farsi. Most Persians practice Shi’a (Shiite) Islam however Sunni and other religions are present.

20. G RAPHIC O RGANIZER Persian Iran Persian Shi'a Muslim Modern

21. T URK The Turkish people also known as "Turks” are a nation defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a first language. Most Turks practice Islam, are well known for their architecture, and continue to fight for control in South East Turkey against the Kurds.

22. G RAPHIC O RGANIZER Turk Turkey Turkish IslamModern

23. LFS Q UESTION Which culture is found in Turkey, Iraq, and Iran and could be considered their own country within these others?

24. T ICKET O UT THE D OOR On a separate piece of paper, answer these questions: 1. Today I learned… 2. Which culture did you struggle with?

25. B IBLIOGRAPHY Grade Seven GPS. Georgia Department of Education. September 2, 2008.