1. A Mobility Management Protocol for IP-Based Cellular Networks P.D. Silva and H. Sirisena, University of Canterbury IEEE Wireless Communications, June 2002 Speaker - 691430017 Wei-Jen Lin 2003/12/17

2. Outline Introduction Requirements for IP-Based Mobility Management Mobile IP with Regional Registrations Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP) Protocol Operation Handoff/Paging Support Protocol Analysis Handoff Performance Signaling Cost Analysis Conclusions References

3. Introduction This article presents an IP-Based mobility management protocol based on extensions to an existing proposed protocol, Regional Registrations, and packaged under the name micro-Mobile IP (μMIP).

4. Introduction – Requirements for IP-Based Mobility Management Mobility Management – Location management Handoff management Requirements – Hierarchical architecture Fast handoff Paging functionality Compatibility with QoS mechanisms

5. Introduction – Regional Registrations HA GFA RFA 1 RFA 2 RFA 3 MN Home Address  GFA IP Home Address  RFAx IP (FA-CoA) or Home Address  Co-Located CoA Home Address  Local CoA Local CoA (RFAx IP or Co-Located CoA) 1.Home Registration (CoA is GFA IP) 2.Regional Registration (CoA is Local CoA) Regional Registration Re quest Regional Registration Re ply Registration Request Registration Reply

6. Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP) μMIP = Mobile IP + Regional Registration + Fast Handoff + Paging Regional Registration – Reducing signaling cost. Fast Handoff – Reducing packet loss. Paging – Reducing signaling cost and power consumption. A group of Subnet Agents (SA) forms a multicast Paging Area group. The core network operates independent of the radio access network. Beacon – Domain ID, Paging Area ID and Gateway Mobility Agent Care-of Address.

7. Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP) - Architecture Home Address  GMA I P Home Address  SAx IP Home Address  Link Layer Identit y

8. Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP) – Protocol Operation GMA and SA monitor the Registration Request message sended by MN, build up the mapping table and decide to forward to HA or not through the check of N,P bits. Across the Subnet Agent (Active) Across the Paging Area (Idle) GMA forward it to HA Periodically

9. Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP) – Fast Handoff In general, handoff schemes can be classified as either Proactive or Reactive. Some Fast Proactive Handoff schemes : Hierarchical Mobile IPv4/v6 and Fast Handoffs. Foreign Agent Assisted Handoffs. Mechanisms and Hierarchical Topology for Fast Handover in Wireless IP Networks. But, μMIP buffers the packets in GMA and using a new Handoff Imminent extension appended to the Registration Request message.

10. Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP) – Fast Handoff 1. The original IP path restored faster while the handoff fail. 2. It also avoids duplicated traffic generated by bicasting.

11. Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP) - Paging Two modes – Idle and Active Manually configuring subnet agent paging groups. GMA buffers the packets destined to MN and sends page solicitation message to page the MN. MN responds by sending registration request (N=0, P=0). GMA SA 1 SA 2 SA 3 Multicast Broadcast IP RAN PA 1PA 2 Home Address  SAx IP SAx IP  PAx Multicast IP

12. Protocol Analysis NS-2 v2.1b7a (Physical layer uses 802.11) CN send streaming audio date (64kb/s, G.711 codec) to a MN and an average packet size of 200 bytes (50 packets/s, Data/RTP/UDP/IP/Layer-2). HA FA MN CN GMA SA 10 Mb/ s 10 Mb/s 0~100 m s

13. Protocol Analysis – Handoff Performance - I Packet loss during Proactive Handoff.

14. Protocol Analysis – Handoff Performance - II Handoff latency during Proactive Handoff. MN ’ s Velocity is 55 km /h

15. Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis User Mobility Model – Fluid Flow Model r c : SA boundary-crossing rate (mobiles/sec). p : MNs ’ density in the cell. v : MN ’ s average Velocity. l : Cell ’ s perimeter. The analysis doesn ’ t extend to the cell level. (No IP-level signaling messages !)

16. Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis Parameter values used in analysis.

17. Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis - I Signaling Cost vs. Paging Area Size.

18. Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis - II Signaling Cost vs. MN Velocity. With an active population base of 5 per cent.

19. Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis - III Signaling Cost vs. Active MN Population.

20. Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis - IV In μMIP, the Cell ’ s perimeter is changed to the perimeter of the Paging Area.

21. Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis - IV

22. Conclusions μMIP = Mobile IP + Regional Registration + Fast-Handoff + Paging Handoff latency was shown to be well below 200 ms threshold with beacon periods of 100 ms. Fast-Handoff in μMIP doesn ’ t employ bicasting. Reducing packets loss by buffering at the gateway mobility agent level, previous path could be restored quickly in the event of handoff failures.

23. References P. D. Silva and H. Sirisena, “ A Mobility Management Protocol for IP-Based Cellular Networks ”, IEEE Wire less Communications, June 2002. E. Gustafsson, A. Johnson, and C. Perkins, “ Mobile IP Regional Registration ”, Internet draft, Nov. 200 3, ietf-mobility-reg-tunnel-08.txt. X. Zhang, J. G. Castellanos and A. T. Campbell, “ P- MIP: Paging in Mobile IP ”, June 2000.

24. Final Projects GMA FA 1 MN HA μMIP with Associated Paging FA 3 Home Address  GMA IP Stack Size=3 Home Address  FAx IP, FAy IP, FAz I P Home Address  Link Layer Identit y MN sends Reg. Message by judgement of Beacon includes the domain ID. FAm IP, FAn IP, FAo IP Probable path of Paging Req. Mes sage FA 2 Not good in the concept of OSI mo del ! Cellular Networ k

25. Final Projects Mobile IP with Regional Registrations and Associated Paging GFA RFA 1 MN HA RFA 3 Home Address  GMA IP Stack Size=3 Home Address  FAx IP, FAy IP, FAz I P Home Address  Local CoA MN sends Reg. Message by judgement of Agent Advertisement includes the RFAx ’ s IP address. FAm IP, FAn IP, FAo IP Probable path of Paging Req. Mes sage RFA 2 Local CoA is FA-CoA. Paging Request Des : 255.255.255.255 Paging IP : MN ’ s Home Address