1. Week 4 - Jan. 30, 2015 – Start GPS Exercise 1.Update tree datasets 2.GPS ppt 3.Discuss: a.Assignment b.Group proposal – due today c.Juno data collection – start today 4.Week 5 – Group data collection throughout the week a.Equipment check out 5.Week 6 – Small group meeting with Dr. G. throughout the week 1

2. Global Positioning System Overview

3. Components of GPS 1) Space Segment – Satellites 2) Ground segment - control stations 3) User segment - Receivers and base stations

4. 1. “Triangulation" with satellites. 2. Receiver measures distance using travel time of radio signals. 3. To measure travel time, GPS needs very accurate timing. 4. Also, need to know exactly where satellites are in space. 5. Correct for delays of signal as it travels through atmosphere.

5. Space Segment 24 satellites in 12 hour orbits.

6. Satellite Navigation System Funded and controlled by Department of Defense Designed for and operated by military

7. Provides the user with between five and eight SVs visible from any point on the earth.

8. Control Segment System of tracking stations located around the world Master Control facility - Schriever Air Force Base, CO

9. Primary Data Capture Surveying – Locations of objects determined by angle and distance measurements from known locations – Uses expensive field equipment and crews – Most accurate method for large scale, small areas GPS – Collection of satellites used to fix locations on Earth’s surface – Many types of GPS units available for data collection

10. There are several types of GPS that have differing levels of accuracy for the given location: Recreational GPS - most common - found at most sporting good stores - good for within 3-5 meters. Car navigational GPS - same technology as recreational but with some software to help put the point roads. Mapping grade GPS - considerably more expensive -generally locate within a meter. Survey grade GPS - very expensive - locate within centimeters. – Mapping and Survey grade GPS can utilize software to be even more accurate. 10

11. Total Station Traditional equipment replaced with electro-optical devices. Accurate to 1 mm.

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13. User Segment GPS receivers and the user community $100 $1,100

14. Factors effecting accuracy Type of roving receiver # of satellites – 4 Multipath Occupation Period Satellite elevations Selective Availability

15. May 3, 2000May 1, 2000 Football stadium: With SA - field or in stands. With out SA - yard marker SA - 95% of points within radius of 45.0 m Without SA - 95% of points within radius of 6.3 m

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17. Geocaching

19. 10/29/201519 www.geocaching.com

20. 1/30/2015 In class Group Proposal The job for your group today is to write a one page experimental design that outlines how you propose to collect gps data using different 3 different roving receivers and then map and analyze your data and reach some results about which gps roving unit is the most accurate. 1. Compare Extrex, Juno and iphone GPS (two apps): – What apps will you investigate for iphone (pick two) 2. What are your methods for collecting data? – how much data do you need to collect? – What will you compare it to for accuracy? – Where will you collect it? – When will you collect it? 3. How will you analyze (compare) your data? – What type of comparisons will you make with your data from the different units? – What software do you think you will use? – What results do you hope to show with your data and analysis? 4. What type of visual product will you create to illustrate your findings? (graph, map,etc.) Due at the end of class today 20

21. www.esri.com/news/arcuser/0104/rec-gps.html 21

22. blogs.esri.com/esri/gisedcom/2013/03/08/comparing-the- spatial-accuracy-of-field-data-collected-with-smartphones-and- gps-receivers/ 10/29/201522