1. Nuclear Physics @ CMAM Olof TENGBLAD IEM - CSIC O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 1

2. Nuclear Physics Beam Line O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 2 Formation of 12 C and 7 Be Break-up Study of following the reactions 10 B( 3 He,p) 12 C* & 11 B( 3 He,d) 12 C* Cross section Study of 3 He( 4 He,  ) 7 Be R&D for future detectors

3. Nuclear Structure & Astrophysics O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 3 “Exact” A-body calculations possible for A  12 Shell-model states Molecular-cluster states We can cover from drip-line to drip-line Break-up mechanism not fixed by kinematics Sequential? Direct? Crucial for bridging the A=5 and A=8 gaps in Big Bang and Stellar nuclear synthesis. 12 C & The triple alpha process 4 He + 4 He ↔ 8 Be 8 Be + 4 He ↔ 12 C + γ + 7.367 MeV  clustering

4. 12 C - The Cosmic Connection O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 4 1953 1957 1966 1958

5. Morinaga’s Idea for rotational bands in n  nuclei O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 5

6. 12 C measured @ ISOLDE, JYFL & KVI O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 6 Measured with high segmentation  decay mechanism / branching Measured with implantation method  total energy Experiment 2002-2004 Experiment april 2006

7. The Triple Alpha Process O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 7 r 3   rad e - Q/kT Revised rates for the stellar triple-  process from new measurement of 12C resonances Fynbo et.al. Nature 433 (2005) 136-139 (IF: 29,273)

8. How to produce the 12 C* States @ CMAM O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 8 A+a  C*  B*+b 3 He @ 4.9 MeV 10 B 13 N * p 12 C * +   9B*9B*  OR 3 He @ 8.5 MeV 11 B + d 12 C * +

9. Waggoner et al., NPA 88(1966)81 3 He (@ 2,45 MeV) + 10 B  p  Ep EE O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 9

10. 10  Detection system Developments in Si detectors, especially of the DSSSD the high segmentation of the detectors makes it possible to detect all particles, has improved tremendously the multi particle coincidence detection probability, and thus made possible to kinematically reconstruct each event. 43214321 1 2 3 4 11 22 front strips back strips  Computer power and analysis capability. Event by event detection combined with MonteCarlo simulations including both theory and the actual set-up makes possible to extract information about decay mode, branching ratios and other physics parameters. Can we do it better today? 50x50 mm 2 16 front x 16 back strips 3x50mm 2

11. 11 B( 3 He,d)  10 B( 3 He,p)  O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 11 Targets: 18.9  g/cm 2 10 B 4  g/cm 2 C-backing 22.0  g/cm 2 11 B 4  g/cm 2 C-backing 3 He @ 4.9 and 8.5 MeV Reaction Studies  = 38% of 4 

12. Particle Identification O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 3 He + 11 B d + 12 C * EE d 12 Reaction productsQ-Value (MeV) 14 N +  20.74 13 C + p13.19 12 C + d10.46 10 B +  9.12 12 C + n + p8.24 6 Li + 2  4.66 9 Be + p +  2.54 5 He + p + 2  0.07 11 B + 3 He0.00 11 C + t-2.00  p

13. p +  +  + a coincidences  Excitation Energy in 12C reconstructed O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 13 E i (  ) (MeV) E sum =3/2*E 1 +0.092 MeV E 12C (MeV) 12 C *  8 Be(0 + )   EE We can deduce the partial branching ratios for each level in 12 C* via the 0 + and 2 + states in 8 Be

14.  -decay of the T=1 level @ 15.11 MeV O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 14 3 He+ 11 B d+3  3 He+ 11 B n+p+3  punch- throughs 3 He+ 10 B p+3  12 C excitation energy from proton 12 C excitation Summing 3 

15. Indirect Detection of  -decay O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 15 7.650 + 15.111 + 3 He @ 4.5 MeV 10 B p 12 C * 17  g/cm 2 (+3  g/cm 2 )     12 C * 12.711 + ≈100 + 11.832 - 12 C 15.111 + 7.650 +   The proton gives initial populated resonance in 12 C This state can emit  and populate a lower excited state The 3  alphas give resonance populated in 12 C after  -decay

16.  -decay of the T=1 level @ 15.11 MeV O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 16  12.711 + ≈100 + 7.650 + 11.832 - 15.111 + 12 C M. Alcorta et al, NIM A605, 318-325 (2009) O.S. Kirsebom et al, Phys.Lett B680, 44-49 (2009) Thesis de Martin Alcorta 2010 M. Alcorta et.al. Phys. Rev. C86, 064306, (2012)

17. Summary: what have we learned O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 17 12 C 12.711 + ≈10 (0,2 + ) 4.442 + g.s.0 + 7.650 + 9.643 - 10.841 - 11.832 - 13.35 (2 - ) 14.084 + 15.111 +  12 C 4.442 + g.s.0 + 13.35 4 - 12.711 + 7.650 + 14.084 + 11.832 - 10.841 - 9.643 - 11.1/11.2 0 +,2 + 1.Observation of  -decay and  -decay of T=1 15.11 MeV state 15.11 1 +  -decay of T=0 12.71 MeV state observed to Hoyle state and to the broad 10 MeV state 12.711 + 3.Improved measurements of energy and widths for known states 4.Branching ratios of decay through the 8 Be(gs) were measured for natural parity states E,   14.084 + 13.35 4 - 11.832 - 10.841 - 9.643 - 5.Studied the decay mechanism of the 12.71 MeV resonance using Dalitz plots 6.Dalitz plots used to determine J  of 13.35 MeV resonance 4-4- ≈10 (0,2 + ) 11.1/11.2 0 +,2 + Thesis de Martin Alcorta 2010

18. Nuclear Physics Beam Line O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 18 Formation of 12 C and 7 Be Break-up Study of following the reactions 10 B( 3 He,p) 12 C* & 11 B( 3 He,d) 12 C* Cross section Study of 3 He( 4 He,  ) 7 Be R&D

19. Motivation for the 3He(4He,γ)7Be cross section measurement O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 19 1. 3 He( 4 He,γ) 7 Be → source of uncertainty in determining the high energy solar neutrino flux from the reaction 7 Be( p,γ) 8 B 2.The reaction plays an important role in the 7 Li abundance 3.Available data on the astrophysical S factor shows a significant scatter and persistent discrepancy → 0.53(5) keV b used in SSM and 0.54(9) keV b used SBBN for S 34 (0)

20. Possible experiment 3He(4He,γ)7Be O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 20 b)Activity-  478 keV : 7 Be decays to 7 Li BR=10.45 (4) % T 1/2 =53.29 (7) days Simple setup a) Prompt-  : DC  429, 429  0 Complicated Setup

21. Experimental set-up at CMAM O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 21 7Be Delayed Gamma measurement N t =9.966 ·10 18 · l·P/(T+T 0 ) N p by Monitoring N p by charge integration N t by energy loss Target: 4 He respectivley 3 He Scattering foil: 1  m thick Ni foil Beam: 3 He respectively 4 He Energy: 4 MeV 1 +

22. 3 He( 4 He,g) 7 Be cross section study by induced   radiation O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 22 ~900 cts. in 478 peak. 6 days of counting Thesis Mariano Carmona Gallardo 2013 M. Carmona-Gallardo, et.al. Phys. Rev. C86, 032801, (2012)

23. Nuclear Physics Beam Line O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 23 Formation of 12 C and 7 Be Life of stars Death of stars D. Galaviz Redondo, Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa Production of p-nuclei Study of 10 B( 3 He,p) 12 C* & 11 B( 3 He,d) 12 C* 197 Au(a,n) 200 Tl reaction cross section Study of 4 He( 3 He,  ) 7 Be & 3 He( 4 He,  ) 7 Be R&D

24. p-process Studies 24 Production of most rare nuclei in the solar system Proton capture the p-nuclei Photon-disintegration reactions involved in the astrophysical p-process: (γ,n), (γ,p) & (γ,α) ( ,n) ++ Photon-disintegration: p-process (  ) Experiments to improve knowledge on α-nuclear potentials for astrophysical applications Nucleonsynthesis of the 35 stable p-rich nuclei, which cannot be reached in normal Neutron capture process D. Galaviz Redondo, Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa

25. Production & study of p-nuclei 25 197 Au( ,n) 200 Tl D. Galaviz Redondo, Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidad de Lisboa Radiative α-capture reactions (α,p), (α,n) & (α,γ) on proton-rich nuclei Optimum energy for CMAM Astrophysical energy region Gamow-peak 6-12 MeV α-beam E α = 5-15 MeV I α = 1µA Au-Mo-Au p n γ γ α Si-detector α-Intensity: 197 Au(α,α) 197 Au 197 Au(α,γ) reactions

26. 10 h after end of activation O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 26 T 1/2 (Tl) = 25.84 +/-0.24 h D. Galaviz Redondo, Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidad de Lisboa

27. Nuclear Physics Beam Line O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 27 Formation of 12 C and 7 Be Break-up Study of following the reactions 10 B( 3 He,p) 12 C* & 11 B( 3 He,d) 12 C* Cross section Study of 3 He( 4 He,  ) 7 Be R&D for future detectors Monolithic Si -telescope Phoswich – Scintillator telescope

28. Detectors: DSSSD  monolithic Si telescope Detector area: 5x5 cm 2 64 pixel detectores á 3x3=9 mm 2 128 electronic channels Solid angle 20% of the DSSSD and 4 times more electronics needed!! 5x5 cm 2 16x16 strips á 3mm 256 pixel detectors á 3x3=9 mm 2 32 electronic channels DSSSD + PAD Monolithic O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 28  E 40  m + E 500  m  E 1  m + E 500  m

29. 500  m N- Detector E 1  m N+ Detector  E Rear cathode 0.5  m  E (N+) Monolithic  E-E telescope O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 29  E 1  m + E 500  m

30. EE E FWHM 80 KeV Beams of 27 Al & 23 Na @ CMAM green  30 MeV blue  25 MeV red  20 MeV yellow  15 MeV dark blue  10 MeV 27 Al 23 Na monolithic Si telescope @ CMAM Rutherford Scattering O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 30

31. 31 19 F(p,α  ) 16 O beam: protones de 1 MeV target: teflon “Gamma beam” test bench O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013

32. Materials Energy Resolution (at 662 keV) (%) Light yield (photons/ keV γ) Decay time (ns) λ emision LaBr 3 2.96316380 nm LaCl 3 3.84928350 nm LaBr 3 LaCl 3 30 50 mm  Two crystals of different materials with one unique readout?  Optically compatible E  E 1  E 2 Phoswich for high Energy Gamma and Proton detection O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 32

33. PHOSWICH RESPONSE TO 60 Co O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 33 60 Co FWHM 2.9% LaBr3 LaCl3 Energía (canal) Nº cuentas 60 Co LaBr3 60 CoLaCl3 FWHM 3.4% Energía (canal) Nº cuentas

34. Phoswich: 1 st results  it works ENERGY SPECTRUM WITH GATE B FWHM 4 % PHOSWICH TEMPORAL SPECTRUM + O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 34 Tengblad et.al. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A704, 19-26, (2013 )

35. Future Reactions studies @ CMAM } Difficult to compare previous results Uncertainties associated to thickness and composition of the target 17 0(p, γ) 18 F 17 0(p, α) 14 N ISOLDE/JYFL Si-Ball: 36x4 quadrants of 1 mm Si L.M. Fraile & J.Äystö, NIMA513 (2003) 28 LaBr 3 +LaCl 3 Phoswich 9x { 15x15 mm 2 x (40+60)mm } crystals 3-1% resolution, 40% photopeak efficiency 0-20 MeV O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 35 p( 17 0, 18 F)  p( 17 0, 14 N)α expeiments in inverse kinematics

36. Summary O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 36 The Nuclear Physcis Line at CMAM is operational since 2005 I have shown that there are still some reactions especially of Astrophysical interest that can be performed at a 5 MV accelerator Our experimental activity has given rise to 2 thesis, 6 articles in Peer Reviewed Journals, and various conference contributions Further we have been using the accelerator for R&D activity for our experiments at international nuclear physics facilities around the world

37. Collaborators O. Tengblad: CMAM 10 year’s anniversary March 2013 37 H.O.U. Fynbo, O. Kirsebom, S. Hyldegaard, K. Riisager Department of Physics and Astronomy, Århus University, Denmark B. Jonson, T. Nilsson, G. Nyman Fundamental Physics, Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden M. Alcorta, A. Becerril, M.J.G. Borge, J.A. Bris, M. Carmona-Gallardo, M. Cubero, E. Nacher, M. Madurga, A. Perea, D. Galaviz Redondo, J. Sanchez del Rio, O. Tengblad, Instituto Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Madrid, Spain N.S. Bondili, B. R. Fulton, C. Aa Diget University of York, United Kingdom. M. Hass, V. Kumar & G. Haquin, Y. Nir-El, Z. Yungreis the Weizmann inst & Soreq Research Center, Yavne, Israel A. Muños Martín, A. Maira Vidal Centro de Micro Analisis de Materiales, UAM, Madrid, Spain