1. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Introduction to Data Communications and Networking Workshop I

2. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Five components of data communication

3. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 1.2 Simplex

4. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 1.3 Half-duplex

5. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 1.4 Full-duplex

6. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Point-to-point connection

7. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 1.6 Multipoint connection

8. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Categories of topology

9. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Fully connected mesh topology (for five devices)

10. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Star topology

11. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Bus topology

12. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Ring topology

13. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Categories of networks

14. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 1.13 LAN

15. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 1.13 LAN (Continued)

16. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 1.14 MAN

17. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 1.15 WAN

18. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 The Internet A Brief History The Internet Today

19. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Chronology of Internet Evolution (W. Stallings) 1996ARPA packet-switching experiment 1969First ARPANET nodes operational 1972Distributed e-mail invented 1973Non US computer linked to ARPANET 1975ARPANET transitioned to Defense Communications Agency 1980TCP/IP experiment began 1981New host added every twenty days 1983TCP/IP switchover complete

20. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Chronology of Internet Evolution continued (W. Stallings) 1986NSFnet backbone created 1990ARPANET retired 1991Gopher introduced 1991WWW invented 1992Mosaic introduced 1995Internet backbone privatized 1996OC-3 (155 Mbps) backbone built

21. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Growth of the Internet Exponential growth in the 1990s (Web technology is a major factor) More than 30-million computers were attached to the Internet in 1998 Doubling the size every 9 to 12 month in the 1990s

22. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004

23. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Internet today

24. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Websites http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/ http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/ http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/ http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/ http://www.nsrc.org/codes/bymap/ntlgy/ (Internetology: 1993-97, by continents, by date) http://www.w3.org/History.html (Web history) http://www.w3.org/History.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_backbone http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_backbone http://www.nthelp.com/maps.htm (backbone maps) http://www.nthelp.com/maps.htm http://directory.google.com/Top/Computers/Internet/Organiza tions/Internet_Backbone/ http://directory.google.com/Top/Computers/Internet/Organiza tions/Internet_Backbone/

25. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Network Models

26. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Layered Tasks Sender, Receiver, and Carrier Hierarchy Services

27. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Sending a letter as an analogy

28. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Internet layers

29. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Peer-to-peer processes

30. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Physical layer

31. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 The physical layer is responsible for transmitting individual bits from one node to the next. Note:

32. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 The data link layer is responsible for transmitting frames from one node to the next. Note:

33. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 2.7 Node-to-node delivery

34. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 The network layer is responsible for the delivery of packets from the original source to the final destination. Note:

35. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 2.10 Source-to-destination delivery

36. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 The transport layer is responsible for end-to-end delivery of a message from one process to another. Note:

37. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 2.12 Reliable process-to-process delivery of a message

38. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 2.15 Application layer

39. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 The application layer is responsible for providing services to the user. Note:

40. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Summary of duties

41. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Configuration for TCP/IP: an Example

42. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Operation of TCP/IP: sending side

43. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Operation of TCP/IP: actions at the router

44. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Operation of TCP/IP: sending side

45. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Transmission Media

46. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Transmission medium and physical layer

47. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.2 Classes of transmission media

48. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Guided Media Twisted-Pair Cable Coaxial Cable Fiber-Optic Cable

49. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Twisted-pair cable

50. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 UTP and STP

51. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Categories of unshielded twisted-pair cables CategoryBandwidthData RateDigital/AnalogUse 1very low< 100 kbpsAnalogTelephone 2 < 2 MHz2 MbpsAnalog/digitalT-1 lines 3 16 MHz 10 MbpsDigitalLANs 4 20 MHz 20 MbpsDigitalLANs 5 100 MHz 100 MbpsDigitalLANs 6 (draft) 200 MHz 200 MbpsDigitalLANs 7 (draft) 600 MHz 600 MbpsDigitalLANs

52. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 UTP connector

53. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Coaxial cable

54. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 BNC connectors

55. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Bending of light ray

56. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Optical fiber

57. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Modes

58. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Fiber construction

59. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Fiber-optic cable connectors

60. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Unguided Media: Wireless Radio Waves Microwaves Infrared

61. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Electromagnetic spectrum for wireless communication

62. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Bands BandRangePropagationApplication VLF3–30 KHzGroundLong-range radio navigation LF30–300 KHzGround Radio beacons and navigational locators MF300 KHz–3 MHzSkyAM radio HF3–30 MHzSky Citizens band (CB), ship/aircraft communication VHF30–300 MHz Sky and line-of-sight VHF TV, FM radio UHF300 MHz–3 GHzLine-of-sight UHF TV, cellular phones, paging, satellite SHF3–30 GHzLine-of-sightSatellite communication EHF30–300 GHzLine-of-sightLong-range radio navigation

63. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Wireless transmission waves

64. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Omnidirectional antennas

65. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Radio waves are used for multicast communications, such as radio and television, and paging systems. Note:

66. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Unidirectional antennas

67. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Microwaves are used for unicast communication such as cellular telephones, satellite networks, and wireless LANs. Note:

68. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Infrared signals can be used for short- range communication in a closed area using line-of-sight propagation. Note:

69. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Connecting LANs, Backbone Networks

70. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Connecting Devices Repeaters Routers Bridges

71. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Connecting devices

72. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Repeater

73. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 A repeater connects segments of a LAN. Note:

74. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 A repeater forwards every frame; it has no filtering capability. Note:

75. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Hubs

76. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 A bridge has a table used in filtering decisions. Note:

77. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Bridge

78. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Backbone Networks Bus Backbone Star Backbone Connecting Remote LANs

79. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 In a bus backbone, the topology of the backbone is a bus. Note:

80. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 16.11 Bus backbone

81. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 In a star backbone, the topology of the backbone is a star; the backbone is just one switch. Note:

82. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 16.12 Star backbone

83. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Connecting remote LANs

84. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 A point-to-point link acts as a LAN in a remote backbone connected by remote bridges. Note:

85. McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 VLANs create broadcast domains. Note: