1. What shapes an ecosystem? Section 14-1 habitat & niche

2. What shapes an ecosystem? Habitat – ‘address’ of the organism

3. What shapes an ecosystem? Habitat – ‘address’ of the organism where an organism lives

4. What shapes an ecosystem? Habitat – ‘address’ of the organism where an organism lives includes both biotic and abiotic factors

5. What shapes an ecosystem? Niche -

6. What shapes an ecosystem? Niche – ‘occupation’ of the organism

7. What shapes an ecosystem? Niche – ‘occupation’ of the organism All of the physical, chemical and biological factors that a species needs to survive, stay healthy, and reproduce

8. What shapes an ecosystem? Niche – part of the description will include Food – type of food species eats, how competes with others for food, where it fits in food web

9. What shapes an ecosystem? Niche – part of the description will include Food – type of food species eats, how competes with others for food, where it fits in food web Abiotic conditions – physical conditions required to survive

10. What shapes an ecosystem? Niche – part of the description will include Food – type of food species eats, how competes with others for food, where it fits in food web Abiotic conditions – physical conditions required to survive Behavior – time of day species is active, when and where it reproduces

11. What shapes an ecosystem? ** No two species can share the same niche in the same habitat **

12. What shapes an ecosystem? ** No two species can share the same niche in the same habitat ** However, different species can occupy niches that are very similar

13. What shapes an ecosystem? Competitive exclusion -

14. What shapes an ecosystem? Competitive exclusion – when two species are competing for the same resources,

15. What shapes an ecosystem? Competitive exclusion – when two species are competing for the same resources, one species will be better suited for the niche,

16. What shapes an ecosystem? Competitive exclusion – when two species are competing for the same resources, one species will be better suited for the niche, and the other species will be pushed into another niche or become extinct

17. What shapes an ecosystem? Competitive exclusion – when two species are competing for the same resources, one species will be better suited for the niche, and the other species will be pushed into another niche or become extinct Example – North American gray squirrel introduced to Great Britain in late 1800’s. Native red squirrel forced to compete and #’s have been declining

18. Community Interactions Ecological equivalents -

19. Community Interactions Ecological equivalents –species that occupy similar niches but live in different geographical regions.

20. Community Interactions Competition -

21. Community Interactions Competition – occurs when two organisms fight for the same limited resources

22. Community Interactions Competition – occurs when two organisms fight for the same limited resources Interspecific – two different species compete

23. Community Interactions Competition – occurs when two organisms fight for the same limited resources Interspecific – two different species compete Intraspecific – members of same species compete

24. Community Interactions Competition – occurs when two organisms fight for the same limited resources Interspecific – two different species compete Intraspecific – members of same species compete Examples – Oak tree and dogwood - sunlight Two lizards in desert – same food (insect)

25. Community Interactions Predation -

26. Community Interactions Predation – one organism captures and feeds on another organism

27. Community Interactions Predation – one organism captures and feeds on another organism Predator and prey

28. Community Interactions Predation – one organism captures and feeds on another organism Predator and prey Examples -

29. Community Interactions Predation – one organism captures and feeds on another organism Predator and prey Examples –

30. Community Interactions Symbiosis -

31. Community Interactions Symbiosis – close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with each other

32. Community Interactions Symbiosis – close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with each other Mutualism -

33. Community Interactions Symbiosis – close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with each other Mutualism – both species benefit from the relationship

34. Community Interactions Symbiosis – close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with each other Mutualism – both species benefit from the relationship Example

35. Community Interactions Symbiosis – close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with each other Mutualism – both species benefit from the relationship Example – flowers and bees (insects)

36. Community Interactions Symbiosis – close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with each other Commensalism -

37. Community Interactions Symbiosis – close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with each other Commensalism – one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

38. Community Interactions Symbiosis – close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with each other Commensalism – one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed Example – orchid and tree

39. Community Interactions Symbiosis – close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with each other Parasitism -

40. Community Interactions Symbiosis – close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with each other Parasitism – one organism benefits and other organism is harmed Parasite gets nutrients from host

41. Community Interactions Symbiosis – close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with each other Parasitism – one organism benefits and other organism is harmed Parasite gets nutrients from host Generally weaken but don’t kill their host

42. Community Interactions Symbiosis – close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with each other Parasitism – one organism benefits and other organism is harmed Parasite gets nutrients from host Generally weaken but don’t kill their host Example -

43. Community Interactions Symbiosis – close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with each other Parasitism – one organism benefits and other organism is harmed Parasite gets nutrients from host Generally weaken but don’t kill their host Example – tapeworm and mammal