1. NEBOSH Fire and Risk Management Certificate Issue October 2011 771

2. Fire Risk Assessment

3. Objectives At the end of the course you will be able to: Identify all factors which may cause harm to people and or environment either during or as a result of a fire Consider the likelihood of that harm actually happening and the possible consequences that could come from it To enable the responsible person to plan implement and monitor the preventive and protective measures to ensure the risks are controlled as low as reasonably possible at all times Record the results and prepare action plans

4. Risk Assessment The systematic on-going process of analysing hazards and existing controls measures to ascertain the likelihood of harm occurring and then monitoring and reviewing the findings in order to eliminate or reduce risk.

5. Fire Safety Management

6. Five Steps To Risk Assessment Step 1 - Identify fire hazards Step 2 - Identify people at risk Step 3 - Evaluate, remove, reduce and protect from risk Step 4 - Record, plan, inform, instruct and train Step 5 - Review

7. Hazard A Fire hazard is something with the potential to cause harm Look for fire hazards which could reasonably result in significant harm under workplace conditions

8. Fire Hazard Examples Hot surfaces Flames Electrical generated sparks Mechanically generated sparks Discarded cigarettes Jot down another six possible fire hazards.

9. Who Might Be Harmed? office staff maintenance personnel contractors people sharing your workplace operators cleaners members of the public Pay particular attention to: – staff with disabilities – visitors – inexperienced staff – lone workers They may be more vulnerable

10. What Personal Factors Can Increase Risk? Lack of competence Experience Age Ability Physical condition Lone or shift work

11. What is risk? Risk is the potential of a hazard to cause harm Risk is dependant on two factors Severity of the outcome Likelihood of it occurring Multiplying the two together will give a Risk Evaluation Number

12. Severity The awfulness of the outcome of an accident which could happen to one person or to many Factors affecting severity include:- –Numbers of people –Energy levels –Concentration –Toxicity of substances

13. SEVERITY Risk No. Threat to Life 5 Very Serious 4 Serious 3 Slightly Harmful 2 Minor 1 Very Likely to Happen 5 INTOLERABLE 25 INTOLERABLE 20 INTOLERABLE 15 SUBSTANTIAL 10 MODERATE 5 Likely 4 INTOLERABLE 20 INTOLERABLE 16 SUBSTANTIAL 12 MODERATE 8 TOLERABLE 4 Moderately Likely 3 INTOLERABLE 15 SUBSTANTIAL 12 MODERATE 9 MODERATE 6 TRIVIAL 3 Unlikely 2 SUBSTANTIAL 10 MODERATE 8 MODERATE 6 TOLERABLE 4 TRIVIAL 2 Very Unlikely 1 MODERATE 5 TOLERABLE 4 TRIVIAL 3 TRIVIAL 2 TRIVIAL 1 LIKELIHOOD

14. Control Measures Consider - do the precautions already taken: Meet the standards set by a legal requirement? Comply with a recognized industry standard? Represent good practice? Reduce risk as far as reasonably practicable? Is there adequate IITS and adequate systems or procedures? If so, then risks are adequately controlled, but indicate the precautions in place Where the risk is not adequately controlled, indicate what more is needed

15. Engineering Controls Design Eliminate Substitute Isolate Reduce Enclose S.S.W Housekeeping I.I.T.S P.P.E Eliminate Reduce Isolate Control PPE Discipline

16. Record your findings

17. Implementing Your Recommendations Ask yourself the following questions:- –Will the controls I am suggesting lead to tolerable risk levels. If not, what more needs to be done? –Are new hazards created? –Have I chosen cost-effective solutions? –Are my suggestions acceptable to those who will use them? –Will the control measures be used in practice? If your answer to any of the above is “No” you may need to rethink your recommendations

18. Review and Revise Set a date for review of the assessment. However, It may need to be reviewed sooner if:- –An accident –Following complaints –A change in system, plant or machinery –A change in legislation –New information from a manufacturer or supplier –New guidance is published Check that the precautions for each fire hazard still adequately control the risk. Indicate the action needed. Note the outcome. If necessary complete a new fire risk assessment. Making changes e.g. when bringing in new machines substances or procedures may introduce significant new fire hazards. Look for them and repeat the assessment process

19. Criteria For Suitable and Sufficient Risk Assessment Identify all the hazards and evaluate the risks from those hazards, taking into account legal requirements. Record the significant findings. Identify any group of employees who are especially at risk. Identify others who may be specifically at risk e.g members of the public, visitors. Evaluate existing controls, stating whether or not they are satisfactory and if not the action necessary. Evaluate the need for further controls including information, instruction and training. Be carried out by a competent person(s) who has the necessary experience or training in hazard identification and the individuals should have the right attitude to carry out the task, the ability to interpret legislation and guidance and technical knowledge of the plant or equipment involved.

20. The Fire Risk Assessment Practical Assessment

21. Environmental Impact Of Fire

22. Environmental Impact of Fire Article 16 RRFSO legal duty to Mitigate the effects of fire.” Consider environment, neighbours and local community. Environmental Liability Directive 2004 – Polluters Pay. Responsible person may be found liable to prosecution for the failure to have appropriate mitigation measures in place.

23. Sources Of Pollution In The Event Of A Fire Air Land Water

24. Sources of Pollution In The Event Of A Fire Group Work –How can we pollute the environment in the event of a fire?

25. Effects on the Environment Good Management! Poor Management!

26. Assessment of Harm SOURCE PATHWAY RECEPTOR The Pollutant Linkage Significant if it affects Human HealthEcosystemsPropertyAnimals/Crops

27. Greenhouse Gases

28. Air Pollution – Contamination Sources Toxic and Corrosive Smoke Smoke Production of toxic and corrosive gas Industrial Processes & Transport produce significant amounts of pollutants namely:- –Carbon Monoxide (CO) –Sulphur Dioxide(SOx) –Nitrogen Oxides(NOx) –Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC’s) –Particulates(PM 10 ) –Low Level Ozone –Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH’s) –Heavy Metals eg Lead, Mercury, Nickel –Asbestos

29. Water - Contamination Sources ALL waters are “Controlled Waters” Rivers, Lakes, Reservoirs etc and Groundwater Sources of pollution - Leaks - Dumping - Water Run Off - Plant Failures - Air pollutants Consent to Discharge – trade effluent - Quantity, Nature of discharge - EA can apply conditions and will charge - Will periodically check

30. Water Legislation Water Resources Act 1991 –“controlled waters” cover practically all natural waters in UK –it is an offence “to cause or knowingly permit” polluting matter to enter controlled waters except by permit Water Industry Act 1991 –regulation of water undertakers/suppliers Groundwater Regulations 1998 –severe penalties for polluting groundwater

31. EA Enforcement Policy The EA along with Fire and Rescue Service will trya nd prevent pollution resulting from fires. They are there for advice. EA considers prosecution on following factors –environmental effect of the offence, –foreseeability of the offence or the circumstances leading to it, –intent of the offender, individually and/or corporately, –history of offending, –attitude of the offender, –deterrent effect of a prosecution, on the offender and others. –personal circumstances of the offender

32. Pre-Planning the Minimisation Of Environmental Impact Of Fire Consider the following: –Materials and chemicals Toxicity Types of smoke Prevailing conditions Vicinity of properties Communication to community –Immediate area – water courses etc. –Position of drains –Lie of land –Water tables on site –Existing containment –Location of shut off valves to limit damage –Isolation of oil separators –Identification of any potential areas that could be used as secondary containment reservoirs.

33. Procedures For Containment Of Fire Fighting Water Run Off Pre-planned action plan in place and tested. Sacrificial Areas Bunding Pits and Trenches Portable Tanks / Drums and Tankers