1. Chapter 7 E-Supply Chains, Collaborative Commerce, Intrabusiness EC, and Corporate Portals

2. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 2 Learning Objectives 1.Define the e-supply chain and describe its characteristics and components. 2.List supply chain problems and their causes. 3.List solutions to supply chain problems provided by EC.

3. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 3 E-Supply Chains Definitions and Concepts supply chain The flow of materials, information, money, and services from raw material suppliers through factories and warehouses to the end customers e-supply chain A supply chain that is managed electronically, usually with Web technologies

4. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 4 E-Supply Chains Supply Chain Parts –Upstream supply chain –Internal supply chain –Downstream supply chain

5. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 5 E-Supply Chains Managing Supply Chains –Managing supply chains can be difficult due to the need to coordinate: Several business partners Several internal corporate departments Numerous business processes Possibly many customers Information technology provides two types of software solutions: 1.SCM 2.ERP and its predecessors MRP and MRP II

6. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 6 E-Supply Chains Managing e-Supply Chains e-supply chain management (e-SCM) The collaborative use of technology to improve the operations of supply chain activities as well as the management of supply chains –The success of an e-supply chain depends on: The ability of all supply chain partners to view partner collaboration as a strategic asset Information visibility along the entire supply chain Speed, cost, quality, and customer service Integrating the supply chain more tightly

7. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 7 E-Supply Chains Activities and Infrastructure of e-SCM –Supply chain replenishment –E-procurement –Supply chain monitoring and control using RFID –Collaborative planning –Collaborative design and product development –E-logistics –Use of B2B exchanges and supply webs

8. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 8 E-Supply Chains Infrastructure for e-SCM –Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) –Extranets –Intranets –Corporate portals –Workflow systems and tools –Groupware and other collaborative tools

9. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 9 Supply Chain Problems and Solutions Typical Problems along the Supply Chain –Supply chains can be very long, involving many internal and external partners located in different places –Both materials and information must flow among several entities, and these transfers, especially when manually handled, can be slow and error-prone –Companies can improve their demand forecasting by using IT-supported forecasts, which are done in collaboration with business

10. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 10 Supply Chain Problems and Solutions Typical Problems along the Supply Chain –A lack of logistics infrastructure exacerbates uncertainties that exist in delivery times –Quality problems with materials and parts can contribute to deficiencies in the supply chain –Pure EC companies are likely to have more supply chain problems because they do not have a logistics infrastructure and are forced to use external logistics services

11. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 11 Supply Chain Problems and Solutions Typical Problems along the Supply Chain –Other problems along the EC supply chain mainly stem from the need to coordinate several activities and internal units and business partners bullwhip effect Erratic shifts in orders up and down supply chains

12. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 12 Supply Chain Problems and Solutions The Need for Information Sharing along the Supply Chain –A supply chain includes the flow of information to and from all participating entities –It includes: Product pricing Inventory Shipping status Credit and financial information Technology news

13. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 13 Supply Chain Problems and Solutions EC Solutions along the Supply Chain –Order taking can be done over the Internet, EDI, EDI/Internet, or an extranet, and may be fully automated –Order fulfillment can become instant if the products can be digitized –Electronic payments can expedite both the order fulfillment cycle and the payment delivery period

14. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 14 Supply Chain Problems and Solutions EC Solutions along the Supply Chain –Managing risk to avoid supply-chain breakdown can be done in several ways –Inventories can be minimized by introducing a build- to-order (on-demand) manufacturing process as well as by providing fast and accurate information to suppliers –Collaborative commerce among members of the supply chain can be done in many areas

15. Chapter 8 Innovative EC Systems: From E-Government and E-Learning to C2C

16. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 16 Learning Objectives 1.Describe e-government to citizens (G2C), to businesses (G2B), and to others. 2.Describe various e-government initiatives.

17. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 17 E-Government: An Overview Scope and Definitions e-government The use of IT and e-commerce to provide access to government information and delivery of public services to citizens and business partners government-to-citizens (G2C) E-government category that includes all the interactions between a government and its citizens

18. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 18 E-Government: An Overview Government to Citizens –Electronic Voting bioelectronic voting Voting process that involves many steps ranging from registering, preparing, voting, and counting (voting and counting all done electronically) Netizen A citizen surfing the Internet –Electronic Benefits Transfer

19. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 19 E-Government: An Overview Government-to-Business government-to-business (G2B) E-government category that includes interactions between governments and businesses (government selling to businesses and providing them with services and businesses selling products and services to government) –Government E-Procurement –Group Purchasing –Forward E-Auctions –Tax Collection and Management

20. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 20 E-Government: An Overview Government-to-Business –Government e-procurement –Group purchasing –Forward e-auctions –Tax collection and management

21. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 21 E-Government: An Overview government-to-government (G2G) E-government category that includes activities within government units and those between governments government-to-employees (G2E) E-government category that includes activities and services between government units and their employees

22. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 22 E-Government: An Overview Government-to-employees and internal efficiency and effectiveness –Internal Efficiency and Effectiveness E-payroll E-records management E-training Enterprise case management Integrated acquisition Integrated human resources Recruitment one-stop

23. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 23 Implementing E-Government The Transformation to E-Government Stage 1: Information publishing/dissemination Stage 2: “Official” two-way transactions with one department at a time Stage 3: Multipurpose portals Stage 4:Portal personalization Stage 5: Clustering of common services Stage 6: Full integration and enterprise transformation.

24. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 24 Exhibit 8.2 The Stages of E-Government

25. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 25 Implementing E-Government Implementation Issues of E-Government –Transformation speed –G2B implementation –Security and privacy issues –Wireless applications Citizen Adoption of E-Government Non-Internet E-Government

26. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 26 Exhibit 8.3 E-Government Adoption

27. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 27 E-Learning The Basics of E-Learning e-learning The online delivery of information for purposes of education, training, or knowledge management

28. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 28 E-Learning Benefits and Drawbacks of E-Learning –Benefits of e-Learning Time reduction Large volume and diversity Cost reduction Higher content retention Flexibility Updated and consistent material Fear-free environment

29. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 29 Exhibit 8.4 The Effects of E-Commerce Forces in Education

30. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 30 E-Learning –Drawbacks and Challenges of E-Learning Need for instructor retraining Equipment needs and support services Lack of face-to-face interaction and campus life. Assessment Maintenance and updating Protection of intellectual property Computer literacy Student retention

31. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 31 E-Learning Preventing E-Learning Failures distance learning Formal education that takes place off campus, usually, but not always, through online resources virtual university An online university from which students take classes from home or other off-site locations, usually via the Internet

32. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 32 E-Learning Online Corporate Training –The Drivers of e-Training Technological change Competition and cost pressures Globalization Continual learning Network connectivity

33. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 33 E-Learning Implementing E-Learning and E-Training in Learning Centers edutainment The combination of education and entertainment, often through games E-Learning Tools –WebCT –BlackBoard –Others

34. Chapter 10 E-Auctions

35. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 35 Learning Objectives 1.Describe e-auction fraud and discuss possible countermeasures.

36. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 36 E-Auction Fraud and Its Prevention Types of E-Auction Fraud bid shielding Having phantom bidders bid at a very high price when an auction begins; they pull out at the last minute, and the bidder who bid a much lower price wins shilling Placing fake bids on auction items to artificially jack up the bidding price

37. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 37 E-Auction Fraud and Its Prevention Types of E-Auction Fraud –Fake photos and misleading descriptions –Improper grading techniques –Bid siphoning –Selling reproductions as originals –Failure to pay –Failure to pay the auction house

38. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 38 E-Auction Fraud and Its Prevention Types of E-Auction Fraud –High shipping costs and handling fees –Failure to ship merchandise –Loss and damage claims –Fake escrow services –Switch and return –Other frauds

39. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 39 E-Auction Fraud and Its Prevention Protecting Against E-Auction Fraud –User identity verification –Authentication service –Grading services –Feedback forum –Insurance policy –Escrow services

40. Electronic CommercePrentice Hall © 2006 40 E-Auction Fraud and Its Prevention Protecting Against E-Auction Fraud –Nonpayment punishment –Appraisal services –Physical inspection –Item verification –Other security services