1. Shariah Program - © 2003-2009 Map of the Arabic Language Introduction to Nahw (Grammar)

2. Shariah Program - © 2003-2009 The Science of Arabic Grammar Arranging words to make meaningful sentences Arranging words to make meaningful sentences Mapping the language Mapping the language

3. Shariah Program - © 2003-2009 Map of the Arabic Language لفظ مهم ل موضو ع مفرد مركب مفيد ( جملة ) غير مفيد

4. Shariah Program - © 2003-2009 Subject Matter Subject/Predicate relationship Subject/Predicate relationship Link two or more words in a way upon which silence is appropriate. Link two or more words in a way upon which silence is appropriate. English parts of speech English parts of speech Noun, pronoun, adjective etc. Noun, pronoun, adjective etc. The subject matter of grammar The subject matter of grammar Words, phrases, sentences Words, phrases, sentences Part of Logic Part of Logic How to make definitions How to make definitions

5. Shariah Program - © 2003-2009 Parts of speech 1. إسم  nouns, pronouns, adjectives and adverbs 2. فعل  corresponds exactly to verb 3. حرف  everything else: prepositions, conjunctions, articles, etc.

6. Shariah Program - © 2003-2009 Precise Definitions Parts of Speech: i. إسم :  indicates on a meaning within itself and is not linked to time. ii. فعل :  indicates on a meaning within itself and is also linked to time. iii. حرف :  does not indicate on a meaning within itself

7. Shariah Program - © 2003-2009 The 3 Classifications of an إسم Based on being derived or not being derived: Based on being derived or not being derived: جامد – A frozen word not derived from anything and nothing derived from it جامد – A frozen word not derived from anything and nothing derived from it e.g. الرجل (man), الشجرة (tree) e.g. الرجل (man), الشجرة (tree) مصدر – The source word for all verbs and derived nouns. Not derived from anything, but many words derived from it مصدر – The source word for all verbs and derived nouns. Not derived from anything, but many words derived from it e.g. الضرب (to hit) النصر (to help) e.g. الضرب (to hit) النصر (to help) مشتق – Those few nouns and adjectives which are constructed from the مصدر مشتق – Those few nouns and adjectives which are constructed from the مصدر e.g. كاتب (writer) مكتب (desk). e.g. كاتب (writer) مكتب (desk). *T heir methods of construction are discussed in the science of صرف

8. Shariah Program - © 2003-2009 Classification of the فعل ماضي, the past tense verb ماضي, the past tense verb e.g. كَتَبَ (wrote). e.g. كَتَبَ (wrote). مضارع, the present and future tense verb مضارع, the present and future tense verb e.g. يَنصُرُ e.g. يَنصُرُ أمر, imperative or command verb أمر, imperative or command verb e.g. إشرِبْ (Drink!) e.g. إشرِبْ (Drink!) نهي, negative command or prohibition نهي, negative command or prohibition e.g. لا تَشرِبْ (Don’t drink) e.g. لا تَشرِبْ (Don’t drink)

9. Shariah Program - © 2003-2009 Classification of the حرف حرف عامل – Governing agent حرف عامل – Governing agent حرف غير عامل – Non-governing agent حرف غير عامل – Non-governing agent