1. The Hypothalamus Medical Neuroscience Dr. Wiegand

2. The Hypothalamus Neural Influences Hormonal Influences Endocrine System Endocrine System Autonomic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Limbic System Limbic System

3. Functions of the Hypothalamus Autonomic nervous system regulation Hormone production Endocrine regulation Circadian rhythm regulation Limbic system interaction Various Temperature regulation Feeding

4. The Diencephalon

5. hypothalamus thalamus Epithalamus (Pineal & Habenula) Epithalamus (Pineal & Habenula) The Diencephalon subthalamus pituitary Mammillary body Optic chiasm fornix

6. Pituitary

8. Divisions of the Hypothalamus 3 rd ventricle

9. Divisions of the Hypothalamus periventricular medial lateral

10. Divisions of the Hypothalamus

13. Hypothalamic- Hypophysial Portal System Hypothalamohypophysial tract Tuberoinfundibular tract

14. Functions of the Hypothalamus Autonomic nervous system regulation Hormone production Endocrine regulation Circadian rhythm regulation Limbic system interaction Various Temperature regulation Feeding Anterior area influences PSNS through projections to brainstem PSNS nuclei Posterior area influences SNS through projections to the lateral gray horn

15. Functions of the Hypothalamus Autonomic nervous system regulation Hormone production Endocrine regulation Circadian rhythm regulation Limbic system interaction Various Temperature regulation Feeding Magnocellular regions of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei produce oxytocin and vassopressin (ADH) Transported via axonal transport systems (hypothalamohypophysial tract) to neurohypophysis Released in circulation Damage to supraoptic n.  diabetes insipidus

16. Functions of the Hypothalamus Autonomic nervous system regulation Hormone production Endocrine regulation Circadian rhythm regulation Limbic system interaction Various Temperature regulation Feeding Stimulating or inhibiting hormones are transported via the tuberoinfundibular tract and released in to the pituitary portal system and ultimately to the adenohypophysis

17. Functions of the Hypothalamus Autonomic nervous system regulation Hormone production Endocrine regulation Circadian rhythm regulation Limbic system interaction Various Temperature regulation Feeding Input from retina to suprachiasmatic nucleus is then sent through poorly defined projections to the pineal gland

18. Functions of the Hypothalamus Autonomic nervous system regulation Hormone production Endocrine regulation Circadian rhythm regulation Limbic system interaction Various Temperature regulation Feeding Temperature Posterior n. conserves heat Anterior n. dissipates heat Fever starts – sweating Fever ends – chills Feeding Lateral n. induces eating Ventromedial n. inhibits eating

19. Limbic System (Visceral Brain) Mediates complex behaviors Preservation of species securing food, defense mechanisms, sexual behavior Emotions Affective behavior Memory Motivation

20. Components Cingulate gyrus Parahippocampal gyrus Mammillary body Hippocampus Anterior thalamic nucleus Amygdala Septal nuclei Dorsomedial thalamic nucleus

22. Hippocampus Mammillary Body Mammillary Body Ant. Thalamic Nucleus Ant. Thalamic Nucleus Cingulate Gyrus Circuit of Papez fornix Mammillothalamic tract Thalamocingulate radiations cingulum

23. Fornix

24. Amygdala Located deep to uncus, near tail of caudate, and above most rostral part of lateral ventricle inferior horn Wide variety of functions, connections lip smacking, chewing, autonomic responses, fear, rage, anxiety Klüver-Bucy Syndrome Placidity Visual agnosia Oral tendencies Hypersexuality