1. Saint-Domingue (1750) Political –French Colonial Assembly –Military Governor –Civil Governor Economy –Agriculture –Mercantile trade restrictions Society –the grand blancs –the petits blancs –gens de couleur Mulattos Ex slaves –African Slaves Maroons (Runaway Slaves) –Grand marronage –Petitte marronage

2. Causes of the Haitian Revolution Racial Tensions Enlightenment ideals (1700’s) The American Revolution (1775-1783) The French Revolution (1789) The Code Noir (Black Code) “Night of Fire” (1791)

3. Independence Movements in the Americas Essay Prompts “The causes for the independence movements in the Americas were mainly social.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Compare and contrast the causes of the independence movements of the British colonies in the Americas and the Latin American colonies.

4. The Mexican Independence 1810-1821 Grito de Dolores (1810) –Miguel Hidalgo Executed 1811 –Jose Maria Morelos Executed 1815 The Restoration (1814) The Cadiz Mutiny (1820) Plan of Iguala (1821) –Monarchy –Republic

5. Social Organization Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos Native Americans Blacks

6. Causes Of Independence Movements in Latin America Colonial Caste System Mercantilism High Taxes Weakening of Colonial Church Authority Colonial Militia –Peninsular v. Creole Officers European Enlightenment Ideals American Revolution (1775- 1783) Consolidacion Decree (1804) The Peninsular War (1808- 1814)

7. South American Independence 1811-1825 Northern South America Simon Bolivar –Venezuela Independence (1811) –Goals of the rebellion –Restoration (1814) –Bolivar flees to Jamaica (1815) –Bolivar returns, changes policy (1816) –Cadiz Mutiny (1820) –Bolivar defeats last Spanish troops (1821) –Bolivar exiles self to Europe Simon Bolivar “The Liberator”

8. South American Independence 1811-1825 Southern South America Jose San Martin –Argentina declares Independence (1810) –Goals of the rebellion –United Providences Proclaimed by Argentina (1813) –Martin invades Chile (1817), independent (1818). Reject dictatorship –Martin invades Peru, independence declared (1821) –Meeting at Guayaquil (1822) –San Martin exiles self to Europe

10. The Haitian Revolution Toussaint L’Ouverture –Background –Allegiance to France –Appointed Lieutenant- Governor of Saint- Domingue (1796) –Alliance with Spain National Convention Response (1794) –All blacks within French Empire are free and granted French citizenship Civil War (1799-1801) Foreign involvement

11. The Haitian Revolution Political –New constitution (1801) Economic Relations with France 1799-1803 Outcomes –Haitian independence (1804)

12. Outcomes Of Independence Movements in Latin America Political –New nations created –Increased military authority –Caudillos –No formal ending of wars –Border disputes Economic –Free trade –excessive property damage –Decline in foreign investment Social –Human loss of life –Some discrimination eliminated –Decline in slavery –Social structures kept in place –Creole upper class Religious –Loss of power for Catholic church

14. Independence Movements in the Americas Essay Prompts “The causes for the independence movements in the Americas were mainly social.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?