1. Introduction to Arthropod & Insect Diversity

2. Scientific Classification Kingdom General specific Class Division/Phylum species Order Family Genus

3. Scientific Classification in the Department of Education School System General specific Science LevelCharacteristic For ClassificationDOE Level KingdomAll schools found on an island The island of Oahu Division/PhylumComplex Kaimuki Complex

4. Scientific Classification in the Department of Education School System General specific Science LevelCharacteristic For ClassificationDOE Level KingdomAll schools found on an island The island of Oahu Division/PhylumComplex Kaimuki Complex ClassHigh schools in complexKaimuki High OrderInter. schools in complexWashington Middle and Jarrett Middle FamilyElem. schools in complexAla Wai, Aliiolani, Hokulani, Jefferson, Kuhio, Lunalilo, and Palolo

5. Scientific Classification in the Department of Education School System General specific Science LevelCharacteristic For ClassificationDOE Level KingdomAll schools found on an island The island of Oahu speciesA student in A-15 at Hokulani Student XYZ ClassHigh schools in complexKaimuki High OrderInter. schools in complexWashington Middle and Jarrett Middle FamilyElem. schools in complexAla Wai, Aliiolani, Hokulani, Jefferson, Kuhio, Lunalilo, and Palolo Division/PhylumComplex Kaimuki Complex GenusA classroom in an elem. schoolB-121 at Hokulani

6. Scientific Classification in the Department of Education School System General specific Kingdom species Phylum/Division Class Order Family Genus

7. Characteristics to classify organisms: CELL TYPE Prokaryotic cell type DNA is free floating Eukaryotic cell type DNA is surrounded by a membrane

8. Characteristics to classify organisms: NUMBER OF CELLS unicellular multicellular OR

9. Characteristics to classify organisms: MODE OF NUTRITION (how organisms eat) Photosynthesis: utilizing energy from the sun to produce food Absorbing: to suck up or take up (like a sponge) Engulfing: to flow over and enclose

10. ANIMALIA  Eukaryotic  Multicellular  Engulfing heterotrophs PLANTAE  Eukaryotic  Multicellular  Photosynthetic autotrophs FUNGI  Eukaryotic  Multicellular  Absorptive heterotrophs PROTISTA  Eukaryotic  Unicellular or Multicellular  Heterotrophs  Photosynthetic autotrophs ARCHAEBACTERIA  Prokaryotic  Unicellular  Found in very harsh conditions (i.e. bottom of the ocean or volcanic vents)  Oldest living organisms EUBACTERIA  Prokaryotic  Unicellular  Found in neutral conditions (i.e. human body and food)  Lactobacillus bulgaricus (or L. acidophilus) and Streptococcus thermophilus helps produces yogurt from milk KINGDOM CHART

11. The Importance of Insects Some insects are harmful: Some insects are beneficial: Pollinate flowers Important Products Research Balance Nature Destroy food crops Stings & Bites Causes Sickness Money Loss

12. Insect Diversity Insects have a long evolutionary history on earth Insects live in every type of habitat (except the deep ocean) Insects are the only invertebrates (animals without backbones) that can fly! There are millions of insect species Insects make up 85% of the entire animal kingdom!

13. Metamorphosis: A change in physical form The insect’s exoskeleton does not grow with them and must be shed and re-grown each time they get larger. Monarch Caterpillar Monarch Butterfly COMPLETE CHANGEsmall change Worker Termite Termite Nymph

14. An insect has four characteristics: 1. Three body segments: Head, Thorax and Abdomen Dragonfly HEAD: The eyes, antennae, and mouthparts are on the head. THORAX: The 3 pairs of legs and wings are attached to this body segment. ABDOMEN: This body segment holds all reproductive organs. 3. Three pairs of legs (6 legs in total) 2. One pair of antennae 4. Usually 1 or 2 pairs of wings

15. Where do insects fit in the scientific classification picture? KingdomAnimalia PhylumArthropoda jointed foot segmented body exoskeleton (external skeleton) Class Insecta 6 legs 3 body parts (head, thorax, abdomen) 1 pair of antennae Wings (usually) Order General specific

16. Blow fly Order Diptera Flies and Mosquitoes Fruit Fly Mosquito

17. Order Lepidoptera Butterflies and Moths Kamehameha Butterfly Blackburn’s ButterflyLuna Moth Monarch Caterpillar Monarch Butterfly

18. Order Odonata Dragonflies and Damselflies Native Hawaiian Damselflies Dragonflies from the Alakai Swamp Trail, Kauai

19. Order Coleoptera Beetles Rainbow Scarab Beetle © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen Dung Beetle © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen Lady Bugs

20. Order Isoptera Termites Australian Termite Mound Queen Wood Damage Workers & Soldiers

21. Order Hymenoptera Ants, Bees and Wasps Velvet Ant Yellow Jacket Carpenter Ant © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen Honey Bee © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen

22. Order Hemiptera or Order Heteroptera True Bugs Spiny Assassin Bug © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen Stink Bug Leaf-footed Bug © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen

23. Order Homoptera Cicadas, Hoppers, Psyllids, Whiteflies, Aphids, and Scale Insects Buffalo Treehopper © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen Periodical Cicada © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen Green Aphid © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen

24. Order Mantodea Praying Mantids Green Mantid © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen

25. Order Orthoptera Grasshoppers, Crickets and Katydids Narrow Winged Katydid © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen Bird Grasshopper Cricket

26. Order Phasmida Walking Sticks and Leaf Insects © Iona Stewart 2000 Spiny Leaf Insect Walking Stick © 1997-2002 Charles LeWallen

27. Order Blattaria Cockroaches Cinereous CockroachMadiera Cockroach

28. Below there are some pictures of some insects. Can you pick out the characteristics they all have in common?

29. Appearing below will be pictures of different arthropods. Some are insects and some are not. Armed with your new definition, can you pick out the non-insects?

30. Resources Pictures provided by –Charles LeWallen –www.biosurvey.ou.edu/okwild/misc/toc.html –Bishop Museum www.bishopmuseum.org/research/natsci/ento/ento.html –Neil Reimer ( Hawaii State Department of Agriculture) Other informative websites www.buginfo.com/bugs2.cfm http://ucdavis.edu/bohart.asp?s=kidscorner&f=orders www.eagle.ca/~matink/ www.ivyhall.district96.k12.il.us/4th/insects/bugmenu.html http://www.hear.org/starr/hiinsects/images/index.html