1. The New York Times Thomas Bassett Andrea Marpillero-Colomina Mobility Networks in the Americas: Local Politics and Cultural Paradigms Tuesdays at APA - Chicago March 13, 2012

2. ECPA Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas http://ecpaplanning.org/ http://ecpaplanning.ning.com/

3. MOBILITY ISSUES IN THE AMERICAS rapid urbanization » no infrastructure planning no public investment in mobility infrastructure corruption The City Fix

4. METHODOLOGY in-depth interviews historical research examination of statistical data INTERVIEWS  planners government academics bus operators officials HISTORICAL RESEARCH  political urban transit socio-cultural DATA   population ridership impactsapproval INTERVIEWS  planners government academics bus operators officials HISTORICAL RESEARCH  political urban transit socio-cultural DATA   population ridership impactsapproval

5. Google images CURITIBA-1974 low-cost exclusive right-of-way prepaid fare coordinated entry/exit

6. Bogotá - 2000 population ≈ 8 million vehicle trips per day - 10 million BOGOTA - 2000 Population = 8 million 10 million vehicle trips per day 6 million of these on public transport ITDP

7. All photos: ITDP AFTER TRANSMILENIO BEFORE TRANSMILENIO

8. TRANSMILENIO two part system segregated trunk lines free feeder buses Phase I Phase II Feeder Routes Source: ITDP

9. FEEDER BUSES access to informal settlements poor road infrastructure smaller buses navigate easily ITDP

10. FINANCING government builds infrastructure operations privately contracted operational costs covered entirely by fare collection max 70% national government (World Bank Loan) 30%+ local government 50% Municipal gas tax trunk corridors stations pedestrian bridges public space main stations and depots control center

11. NEGOTIATIONS flotas fear revenue loss flota operators » bus drivers flotas remain primary mode

12. IMPROVEMENTS public parks libraries integrate with bike lane network private commercial development

13. BRT expanded to other large cities funding structure: - 70% national government - 30% local government EXPANSION

14. Megabús assumes 46% of transit demand PEREIRA - 2006 Dosquebradas Cuba Pereira interchanges stations feeder bus trunk bus Megabus SA

15. Photos: Megabus SA IMPROVEMENTS design for 1 way streets sank utility lines run-off mitigation tie-in beautification

16. PEREIRA TERMINUS roof is public space community gathering spot supports local commerce encourages mobility

17. Mio assumes 94% of transit demand connection planned to cable car system CALI - 2009 METROCALI, SA

18. Metroplus to assume 60% of transit demand (with metro) MEDELLÍN - 2011 METROPLUS, SA

19. under construction Planned integration with Metro Evidence of resident displacement MEDELLÍN - 2009

20. metro metrocable PRE-EXISTING TRANSIT Metroplus, SA

21. tied with public amenities navigates steep terrain connectivity for poor communities METROCABLE

22. severe overcrowding higher bus frequency inhibited metro construction planned BACKLASH IN BOGOTA

23. NYC MTA “Select Bus Service” – 2008 pilot two phases currently operational partial implementation of BRT NEW YORK - 2008

24. bus lanes pre-payment stations branding bus priority passenger information FEATURES

25. Graphics: The New York Times 34 th Street  redesign demanded COMMUNITY OPPOSITION

26. NYC DOT 34 th Street  redesign demanded B44  rejected by community board COMMUNITY OPPOSITION

27. Our Town Streetsblog opposition enforcement clarity CHALLENGES Streetsblog

28. defensive preemptive PUBLICITY

29. population = 6 million military dictatorship until 1990 neoliberal development policies complex national government structure SANTIAGO, CHILE Roadlesstravelled.com

30. created to regulate buses, formalize system modeled after Transmilenio SANTIAGO - 2007 Volvo - Chile Rebellioncorp

31. national initiative (Ministry of Transport) operated by privately contracted companies police enforcement STRUCTURE 1. National Ministry of Transport  stations, street infrastructure 2. privately contracted companies  own buses, organize / run routes 3. national police  enforce traffic laws 1. National Ministry of Transport  stations, street infrastructure 2. privately contracted companies  own buses, organize / run routes 3. national police  enforce traffic laws

32. no city government decentralized power competing / conflicting interests GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE Newworldencyclopedia.com

33. abrupt implementation no public outreach ROLL OUT - 2007

34. drivers given monthly salary integration with subway reduction in congestion improved over time TRANSANTIAGO Plataformaurbana.cl

35. All visuals in this presentation are the work of the presenters unless otherwise indicated. ITDP THANK YOU! avm2109@columbia.edu tbassett@planning.org