1. The Language of Anatomy
Exercise 1
The Language of Anatomy

2. Anatomical Position Universally accepted standard position
Body terminology refers to it
“body is erect, feet slightly apart, head and toes forward, arms hanging at the sides, palms FACING FORWARD
Lab Fig 1-2

3. Prone vs. Supine Supine Prone Anatomical position…palms to the front
Palms to the rear
Fig. 9-4

4. Directional Terms Posterior Anterior Dorsal Ventral Back Front
Lab Fig 1-3

5. Directional Terms Superior Medial Lateral Inferior Above or upper
Toward the midline of the body
Lateral
To the side
Inferior
Below or lower
Lab Fig 1-3

6. Directional Terms Proximal Distal Superficial Deep
Nearest to the midline
Distal
Farthest away
Superficial
Toward the surface (example: skin)
Deep
Toward the inside (example: organs)
Lab Fig 1-3

7. Regions of the Body Cephalic…………..head Cervical…………...neck
Vertebral………….spinal column
Caudal…………….toward tail/posterior
Lab Fig 1-2

8. Regions of the Body
Appendicular………limbs & their attachments to the body axis
Axial…………………body axis (head, neck, trunk)

9. Body Landmarks: Cephalic
Facial (on the face)
Nasal………………nose
Buccal…………….cheek
Oral………………..mouth
Orbital…………….bony eye socket
Cranial (surrounding the brain)
Frontal……………forehead (anterior)
Occipital…………back of head (posterior)
Parietal…………..upper side
Temporal………..lower side
Lab Fig 1-2

10. Body Landmarks: Torso Thoracic (chest)
Sternal…………….sternum/breastbone
Costal……………..ribs
Abdominopelvic (abdomen + pelvis)
Abdominal…anterior trunk, inferior to ribs
Inguinal…….groin
Umbilical…..navel
Pelvic………pelvis
Gluteal……..buttocks
Coxal……….hip
Pubic……….genital
Lab Fig 1-2

11. Body Landmarks: Torso Inferior Spine
Lumbar……..back, between ribs and hips
Sacral……….back, between the hips
Lab Fig 1-2

12. Body Landmarks: Pectoral
Axillary……………armpit
Acromial………….point of shoulder
Scapular………….shoulder blade
Deltoid……………upper shoulder/arm
Lab Fig 1-2

13. Body Landmarks: Superior Appendages
Brachial…………upper arm
Antebrachial……forearm
Olecranal………..elbow
Carpal……………wrist
Manual…………...hand
Palmar……………palm of hand
Digital…………….digits=fingers
Lab Fig 1-2

14. Body Landmarks: Inferior Appendages
Femoral………..thigh
Patellar………...anterior knee
Tibial…………...medial calf
Fibular…………lateral calf
Tarsal………….ankle
Calcaneal……..heel of foot
Pedal…………..foot
Plantar………...sole of foot
Digital………….digits=toes
Lab Fig 1-2

15. Planes of Sectioning Longitudinal sections Sagittal planes
Divides into right & left
Midsaggital plane
Equal right & left halves
Frontal or coronal planes
Divides into anterior & posterior
Lab Fig 1-4

16. Planes of Sectioning Cross sections
Horizontal or transverse planes
Divides into superior & inferior
Oblique planes
Divide at an angle
Helps relate models and figures to the body as a whole
Lab Fig 1-4

17. Body cavities & organs Cranial Spinal Thoracic Abdominopelvic
brain, pituitary gland
Spinal
spinal cord
Thoracic
heart, trachea, lungs, esophagus
Abdominopelvic
stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, adrenal glands, kidneys, bladder, ovaries, prostate gland
Lab Fig. 1-6

18. Serous membranes Produce serous fluid Lubricates organs
Movement without friction
Compartmentalize organs to help infections from spreading

19. Serous membranes Double-layered membranes Parietal layer
Lines body cavity walls
Visceral layer
Covers external surface of the organ within that cavity

20. Serous membranes Pericardium Pleura(e) Peritoneum Surrounds the heart
Surrounds the lungs
Peritoneum
Surrounds abdominopelvic organs
Visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium, etc.

21. Study, Learn it! QUIZ each other!
Lab quiz tonight over tonight’s material, at end.
Usually, we’ll do some lab and then have the quiz in the middle of the period
Quiz will cover that night’s exercise
Could also have anything prior/review