1. Kingdom Animalia
Introduction

2. Kingdom Animalia Chapters 32, 33 and 34 in text Your Handouts…
Animals are Metazoans (?????)
Are all animals in one Kingdom?
From what did animals evolve?
When did animals originate?
600+ mya

3. Characteristics of Animals
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Heterotrophic (via ingestion) ?????
Herbivores
Carnivores
Detritovores
Omnivores
(Parasites)

4. Additional Characteristics (I)
Shared by MOST animals
Carbohydrates stored as glycogen
Highly specialized cells, tissues, organs and organ systems (except Porifera and Placozoa)
Nerves and muscles in most Phyla (except…Porifera and Placozoa)
More often reproduce sexually (Oogamous with Undulipodiated sperm)
Asexual reproduction in many “lower” taxa

5. Additional Characteristics (II)
Haplobiontic Diploid Life Cycle
In MOST --- zygote undergoes divisions (cleavage) to form a Blastula (Fig. 32.2)

6. Additional Characteristics (III)
Some animals --- maturation gradual to the adult form
Some animals --- have a larval stage that undergoes some type of metamorphosis to the sexually mature adult form 6

7. Types, Number & Distribution
Vertebrate vs. Invertebrate (misleading ??)
Non-Chordate vs. Chordate (better)
Approx. 25 Phyla
AT LEAST 2 million species
Maybe 2x to 5x as many as above --- WHY?
Seas – possess greatest diversity of animal Phyla
Land – has greatest species diversity

8. Origin of Animals (I)
From a heterotrophic colonial flagellated protozoan
Why flagellated (= undulipodiated)?
Was it a coanoflagellate? (page 656, Fig gives three strong reasons for this KNOW THEM!)

9. Origin of Animals (II) Was it a hollow or solid colony?
One origin ?????
Yes ?????
We will consider them as monophyletic
Ontogeny and Phylogeny 9

10. From Protozoa to Metazoa (I)10

11. From Protozoa to Metazoa (II)11

12. Did “Protoanimals” resemble Tricoplax adhaerens ?????12

13. Kingdom Animalia - Diversity
Metazoa
Parazoa
Eumetazoa
Radiata
Bilateria
Where does Tricoplax adhaerens (Phylum Placozoa) belong? 13

14. Older Phylogenetic Tree (Fig. 32.10)

15. Newer Phylogenetic Tree (Fig. 32.11)

16. Body Symmetry (Fig. 32.7) 16

17. Development and Body Plans
Parazoa
Eumetazoa
Tricoplax adhaerens ?????
Radiata
Planula larva
Diploblastic (ectoderm and endoderm)
Bilateria
Triploblastic (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm)
Zygote    Blastula    Gastrula 17

18. Early Embyronic Development (Fig. 32.2)18

19. Germ Layer Derivatives
Ectoderm --- forms outer covering (epithelium) and nervous system
Mesoderm --- muscles and some organs
Endoderm --- lining of digestive tract, liver and lungs 19

20. Coelom --- Yes or No (Fig. 32.8)
What is a coelom?
Acoelomate animals 20

21. Pseudocolomate Animals (Fig. 32.8)
Mesoderm lines ONLY the OUTER body wall! 21

22. Coelomate Animals (Fig. 32.8)
Also known as Eucoelomate animals 22

23. Coelom Functions Cushions organs (prevents injury)
Organs can grow and move independently of outer body wall
Acts as a hydrostatic ‘skeleton’ in some organisms 23

24. Protostome / Deuterostome (Fig. 32.9)24