1. Bellwork Questions Day One
How would you react if the U.S. Army came into your home and forced you and your family to leave, walk 2,000 miles and move to a mud hut in the middle of the desert by a polluted river?

2. USHII3c - Increased Westward Expansion Following the Civil War

3. Learning Intention of the day:
TSWBAT Analyze the different and new opportunities and technological advances that led to increased westward migration following the Civil War and express the ideas in a variety of formats.

4. Essential Questions of the Day:
Why did westward expansion occur after the Civil War?
How did the lives of American Indians change with western expansion?

5. Reasons for increased westward expansion
Opportunities for land ownership
Technological advances, including the Transcontinental Railroad
Possibility of obtaining wealth, created by the discovery of gold and silver

6. Reasons for increased westward expansion
Desire for adventure
Desire for a new beginning
for former enslaved
African Americans

7. Activity – Increased Westward Expansion
Working in you Think-Pair-Share Teams, create a poster which will encourage new settlers to your area.
Include some ideas about the new technologies they can use to be successful on the range too! 

8. Impact on the American Indians
Opposition by American Indians to westward expansion
Battle of Little Bighorn
Battle of Wounded Knee
Apache Wars

9. Battle of Little Bighorn
The Battle of the Little Bighorn, often referred to in American lore as “Custer’s Last Stand,” took place on June 25–26, 1876, near the Little Bighorn River in Montana Territory.
More than two hundred members of the 7th Cavalry Regiment were wiped out by a combined force of Sioux, Arapaho, and Cheyenne. None of the cavalry
soldiers survived, and Lt. Col.
Custer was killed also.

10. Battle of Wounded Knee
The last major battle in (1890) between the U.S. Army and American Indians, at the village of Wounded Knee on a Sioux reservation in South Dakota. More than 200 mostly unarmed Sioux men, women and children were murdered in a massacre.

11. Apache Wars
A protracted campaign in the American Southwest, beginning in the 1870s under U.S. Gen. George Crook &Brig. Gen. Nelson Miles. The United States fought against bands of Apache Indians led by Geronimo and Cochise. Cavalry pursuits and Indian skirmishes continued till the end of the 19th century.

12. Sitting Bull
Born 1831
Arguably the most powerful and perhaps famous Native American chief.
Fought against the U.S. when settlers found gold on Indian reservations and the government ignored treaties.
Defeated U.S. Cavalry at the Battle of little Big Horn.

13. Impact on American Indians
Opposition by American Indians to westward expansion (Battle of Little Bighorn, Sitting Bull, Geronimo)
Forced relocation from traditional lands to reservations (Chief Joseph, Nez Percé)

14. Geronimo ("one who yawns")
Born in June 1829
was a prominent leader of the Bedonkohe Apache who fought against Mexico and the United States for their expansion into Apache tribal lands for several decades during the Apache Wars.

15. Geronimo ("one who yawns")
In 1886 Geronimo finally surrendered to U.S. authorities after a long pursuit. In old age, he became a celebrity and appeared in fairs but was never allowed to return to his home.

16. Impact on American Indians
Reduced Native American population through warfare and disease (Battle of Wounded Knee)
Assimilation attempts and lifestyle changes (e.g., reduction of buffalo population)
American government reduced their homelands through treaties that were broken

17. Bellwork Day Two Tell about your favorite News story from last night.
More and more people are moving into Lawrenceville. So many people have moved here, you are being forced to move to a new area far away with polluted water and poor soil. What do you do?

18. Chief Joseph Nez Perce Tribe
 born 1840, died 1904
faced with forced re-settlement by whites off of tribal lands in Oregon, led his followers in a dramatic effort to escape the Army by going to Canada.
The Nez Perce tribe was friendly with whites until their land was stolen from the tribe.

19. Chief Joseph Nez Perce Tribe
 Many Nez Percé were converted to Christianity and Chief Joseph was educated in a mission school.
The increase settlement of white settlers into the Pacific NW after 1850 caused the U. S. to move the tribe off their lands resettle on small reservations with poor land.

20. Chief Joseph
 Instead of going to the poor soil, useless reservations, Chief Joseph decided to take his people to Canada.
The US Cavalry chased him and finally surrounded him and his people 36 miles away from Canada.
He vowed to never fight again.

21. End results of White settlement
The Native Americans were moved to reservations where the land had poor soil.
When useful resources were found, the Indians were forced to even worse places!

22. Badlands, South Dakota:
-Poor Soil
-Little Water

23. Effect of white settlement upon Native Americans

25. What Andrew Jackson forced the Indians to do:

28. Loss of Indian Lands to White Settlement

29. Any questions?