1. Lecture 6 Operating System CSCS100 - Spring 2008 – Forman Christian College Asher Imtiaz Wajeeha Akram *Several of these slides have been adapted and modified from LUMS CS101 course (Dr Umar Saif and Sohaib Khan), VU CS101 slides (Dr. Altaf A. Khan) and Peter Norton’s supplementary material.

2. Goals What is Operating System? Understand the role of Operating System

3. Operating Systems You have already had ample experience with at least one of them IBM PCs commonly come with Windows XP Operating System… Some may have Windows 2000 on them Macs have MAC OS operating system Sun machines use UNIX or LINUX operating systems Palm PDAs come with PalmOS Operating systems is how Bill Gates got so rich!

5. What is an Operating System? An operating system is a ‘program’, a piece of software, rather than hardware It is the first program to be loaded in memory, after POST is completed It is a rather special program – it manages the computer and everything that runs on it Amongst other things, the operating system provides you with a User-Interface, so you can actually use the computer

6. 6 Functions of Operating Systems Provide a user interface Run programs Manage hardware devices Organized file storage

7. What does an Operating System do? Applications e.g. MS Word, Calculator User i.e. YOU Operating System e.g. Windows 2000 Hardware CPU, Monitor, Keyboard You can think of the operating system as a factory manager, who manages resources, inventory, workers and jobs

8. What does an Operating System do? The operating system manages a lot of things Including Memory Processor Other hardware Applications File System Ref: http://computer.howstuffworks.com/operating-system.htm

9. More on Operating Systems A microwave oven has a computer in it which manages the keypad, the display, as well as does computations about cooking Microwave ovens do not need an operating system, because they do the same simple task over and over again An oven runs a single program all the time All desktop computers have an operating system The operating system creates the ability to: Serve a variety of purposes Interact with the user in more complicated ways At a simple level, OS does two things Manages hardware and software resources Provides a way for the user to deal with hardware, without knowing all its details

10. Multi-tasking

11. Providing a User Interface User Interface (UI) How a user interacts with a computer Require different skill sets Graphical User Interface (GUI) Most common interface Windows, OS X, Gnome, KDE Uses a mouse to control objects Uses a desktop metaphor Shortcuts open programs or documents Open documents have additional objects Task switching Dialog boxes allow directed input

12. Graphical User Interface

13. Providing a User Interface Command line interfaces Older interface DOS, Linux, UNIX User types commands at a prompt User must remember all commands Included in all GUIs

14. Running Programs Many different applications supported System call Provides consistent access to OS features Share information between programs Copy and paste Object Linking and Embedding

15. Managing Hardware Programs need to access hardware Interrupts CPU is stopped Hardware device is accessed Device drivers control the hardware

16. Organizing Files and Folders Organized storage Long file names Folders can be created and nested All storage devices work consistently

17. Enhancing an OS Utilities Provide services not included with OS Goes beyond the four functions Firewall, anti-virus and compression Prices vary

18. Useful link to understand more about operating systems… http://computer.howstuffworks.com/operating-system.htm Figure Acknowledgement: “How Computers Work” 6 th Ed by Ron White (Illustrated by Timothy Edward Downs) © Que Corp 2002 Required Reading: Chapter 7 of text