1. ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001Irwin/McGraw-Hill The Design of Research Part 2

2. ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001Irwin/McGraw-Hill Donald Cooper Pamela Schindler Chapter 6 Business Research Methods

3. ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001Irwin/McGraw-Hill Chapter 6 Design Strategies

4.  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 Irwin/McGraw-Hill Click to edit Master title style What is Research Design? äA plan for selecting the sources and types of information used to answer research questions äA framework for specifying the relationships among the study variables äA blueprint that outlines each procedure from the hypothesis to the analysis Slide 6 - 1

5.  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 Irwin/McGraw-Hill Click to edit Master title style Classifications of Designs Exploratory study is usually to develop hypotheses or questions for further research Formal study is to test the hypotheses or answer the research questions posed Slide 6 - 2

6.  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 Irwin/McGraw-Hill Click to edit Master title style Methods of Data Collection Monitoring, which includes observational studies Interrogation/communication study Slide 6 - 3

7.  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 Irwin/McGraw-Hill Click to edit Master title style Power to Produce Effects Slide 6 - 4 In an experiment, the researcher attempts to control and/or manipulate the variables in the study In an ex post facto design, the researcher has no control over the variables; they can only report what has happened

8.  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 Irwin/McGraw-Hill Click to edit Master title style Purpose of the Study Descriptive tries to explain relationships among variables Causal study is how one variable produces changes in another Slide 6 - 5

9.  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 Irwin/McGraw-Hill Click to edit Master title style The Time Dimension Cross-sectional studies are carried out once and represent a snapshot of one point in time Longitudinal studies are repeated over an extended period Slide 6 - 6

10.  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 Irwin/McGraw-Hill Click to edit Master title style The Topical Scope Statistical studies attempt to capture a population’s characteristics by making inferences from a sample’s characteristics Case studies place more emphasis on a full contextual analysis of fewer events or conditions and their interrelations Slide 6 - 7

11.  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 Irwin/McGraw-Hill Click to edit Master title style The Research Environment Field conditions Laboratory conditions Simulations Slide 6 - 8

12.  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 Irwin/McGraw-Hill Click to edit Master title style A Subjects’ Perceptions äUsefulness of a design may be reduced when people in the study perceive that research is being conducted äSubjects’ perceptions influence the outcomes of the research Slide 6 - 9

13.  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 Irwin/McGraw-Hill Click to edit Master title style Why do Exploratory Studies? äExploration is particularly useful when researchers lack a clear idea of the problems Slide 6 - 10

14.  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 Irwin/McGraw-Hill Click to edit Master title style Data Collection Techniques Qualitative techniques Secondary data Focus groups Two-stage design Slide 6 - 11

15.  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 Irwin/McGraw-Hill Click to edit Master title style Causation äThe essential element of causation is äA “produces” B or äA “forces” B to occur Slide 6 - 12

16.  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 Irwin/McGraw-Hill Click to edit Master title style Causal Study Relationships Symmetrical Reciprocal Asymmetrical Slide 6 - 13

17.  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 Irwin/McGraw-Hill Click to edit Master title style Asymmetrical Relationships äStimulus-Response äProperty-Disposition äDisposition-Behavior äProperty-Behavior Slide 6 - 14

18.  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001 Irwin/McGraw-Hill Click to edit Master title style Achieving the Ideal Experimental Design Control Random Assignment Matching Randomization äManipulation and control of variables Slide 6 - 15