1. Endocrine System

2. The Endocrine System §Endocrine System §the body’s “slow” chemical communication system §a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

3. Neural and Hormonal Systems §Hormones §chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another §Pituitary Gland §under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

4. The effects of the pituitary are clearly shown here. Entertainer David Frost stands between the world’s tallest and smallest man. The tallest man in history was 8 feet 11 inches tall. He died at the age of 22, partly as a result of this defect. The shortest known person was 23 inches tall when she died at the age of 19. Today’s medicines can handle most of these problems if caught earlier enough, but these cases show what happen if the pituitary gland goes awry.

5. Neural and Hormonal Systems Oxytocin– stimulates contractions of the uterus during labor and secretion of milk during nursing. Growth Hormone– stimulates the physical development of bones and muscles.

6. Neural and Hormonal Systems §Adrenal [ah-DREEN-el] Glands §a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys §secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress §Cortisol– regulates metabolism and response to stress.

7. Neural and Hormonal Systems Pancreas Hormones – Insulin– decreases blood sugar – Glucagon– Increases blood sugar

8. Neural and Hormonal Systems Thyroid Hormone – Thyroxin– regulates metabolism and growth

9. Neural and Hormonal Systems Sex Glands (Gonads) – Female Sex Hormone– Estrogen (Ovary) – Male Sex Hormone– Androgen (Testis)