1. Welcome to MM150! Unit 1 Seminar To resize your pods: Place your mouse here. Left mouse click and hold. Drag to the right to enlarge the pod. To maximize chat, minimize roster by clicking here

2. MM150 Unit 1 Seminar Agenda Welcome and Syllabus Review A Review of Sets of Numbers Sections 1.1 - 1.6

3. 3 Cara Hogeland e-mail: CHogeland@kaplan.eduCHogeland@kaplan.edu AIM: CHogeland918 Office Hours: Monday, 9 - 10 pm ET 3

4. Seminars – Two Choices Sundays, 10 – 11 PM ET with Julia Schroeder Mondays, 8 – 9 PM ET with me (Cara Hogeland) If none of these options work, you can always complete Seminar Option 2. 4

5. Grading Criteria Threaded Discussion –Units 1- 9 at 30 points each for a total of 270 Seminar –Units 1-9 at 5 points each for a total of 45 MML Graded Practice –Units 1-9 at 60 points for a total of 540 Final Project –Unit 9 for 145 points 5

6. Earning Full Credit on the Discussion Board 6 Original PostInteractionWriting Up to 15 PointsUp to 10 PointsUp to 5 Points Original, thoughtful analysis of the discussion question, and/or All applicable posting instructions followed, and/or Example (if required) is given in an orderly, step by step process with appropriate explanation, and/or Formatting is correct with no strange characters or other formatting issues, and/or All parts of the discussion question are answered. Responses to classmates’ posts are thoughtful and advance the discussion, and Substantive responses to 2 or more classmates are given. Post is written in complete sentences using standard written English.

7. More About Discussions Rules about plagiarism apply. –If you use an outside source, please reference it. Do not copy any source word for word. Discussion Boards can only be completed up to 2 weeks late. 7

8. MML Graded Practice Problems can be done over and over again until you get a perfect score. Help is available. –Show me an Example –Help Me Solve This –Ask the Instructor 8

9. 9 Symbols Multiplication * (shift + 8) or () or [] Square root sqrt[16] = 4 Division / 9

10. Sets of Numbers Natural Numbers: {1, 2, 3, 4, …} Whole Numbers: {0, 1, 2,3, …} Integers: {…-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …} Rational Numbers: ½, 0.5, -6, Irrational Numbers:, √[2], √[3] Real Numbers: all rational and irrational numbers

11. 11 Example: Find all factors of 12 An easy way to approach this task is to think of pairs of factors you could use, then make the final list from them. 1*12 AND 2*6 AND 3*4 Make sure you have every factor pair listed! Therefore, the factors of 12 (in numerical order) are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12. 11

12. 12 EVERYONE: Find all factors of 56. 1 * 56 2 * 28 4 * 14 7 * 8 Therefore, the factors of 56 (in numerical order) are 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, and 56. 12

13. 13 Example: Determine the GCF of 12 and 56. We have already created these lists, so I will just put them under each other here: 12: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 56: 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, 56 Now, just plain old COMMON FACTORS of 12 and 56 include 1, 2, and 4. The GCF is 4. 13

14. 14 Factor Tree 72 2 36 2 18 2 9 3 3 72 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 3 * 3 72 = 2 3 * 3 2

15. 15 Steps to Finding GCF There are two steps: Write down only the COMMON PRIME FACTORS (the big numbers; save the exponents for the next step). (For only the common prime factors) given the choice of powers, use the LOWEST POWER for each prime factor. 15

16. 16 GCF Example Using Prime Factorization Find GCF (72, 150). 72 = 2 3 * 3 2 150 = 2 * 3 * 5 2 GCF(72, 150) = 2 ? * 3 ? GCF(72, 150) = 2 * 3 = 6 16

17. 17 Steps to Finding the Least Common Multiple There are two steps: Write down the PRIME FACTORS with the greatest exponent. Determine the product of the prime factors. 17

18. 18 LCM example using Prime Factorization LCM(72, 150) 72 = 2 3 * 3 2 150 = 2 * 3 * 5 2 LCM(72, 150) = 2 ? * 3 ? * 5 ? LCM(72, 150) = 2 3 * 3 2 * 5 2 = 1800 18

19. 19 Addition of Integers Same sign 4 + 6 = 10 12 + 3 = 15 -3 + (-8) = -11 -2 + (-5) = -7 Opposite sign 3 + (-4) = -1 Think: 4 – 3 = 1. Then take sign of larger, -1 -7 + 9 = 2 Think: 9 – 7 = 2. Then take sign of larger, 2. 19

20. Subtraction of Integers Example 1: 4 – 9 (positive four minus positive nine) = 4 + (-9) (positive four plus negative nine) = -5 (by the different signs rule of addition) Example 2: -3 – 7 (negative three minus positive seven) = -3 + (-7) (negative three plus negative seven) = -10 (by the same sign rule of addition)

21. Subtraction of Integers Example 3: -12 – (-14) (negative twelve minus negative fourteen) = -12 + 14 (negative twelve plus positive fourteen) = 2 (by the different signs rule of addition)

22. 22 Multiplication and Division of Integers Two positives = positive Two negatives = positive One of each sign = negative Examples: (3)(-2) = -6 -9/ (-3) = 3 22

23. 23 Simplifying Fractions 15/45 Divide both the numerator and denominator by 15. 15/45 = (15 / 15) / (45 / 15) = 1/3 23

24. 24 Mixed Numbers 2 7/8 Write 2 7/8 as an improper fraction. 2 7/8 = 2 + 7/8 = 2/1 + 7/8 = 16/8 + 7/8 = 23/8 2 7/8 = (2*8 + 7) / 8 = 23/8 24

25. 25 Converting an Improper Fraction to a Mixed Number 58/4 14 2/4 14 1/2 25 14 4 / 58 4 18 16 2

26. Multiplying Fractions and Mixed Numbers 3 ½ * 1 ¼ = 7 * 5 2 4 = 35 8 ½ * 3/4 = 1 * 3 2 4 = 3 8

27. Dividing Fractions 1 ÷ 2 3 7 1 * 7 3 2 7 6

28. Dividing Mixed Numbers 9 ½ ÷ 4 3/5 = 19 ÷ 23 2 5 = 19 * 5 2 23 = 95 46

29. Radical Expressions The radical symbol looks like this: √x and the x that is located within or under the radical is called the radicand. An expression that contains a radical is called a radical expression. The following is the square root of a: 2 √a and this is also a radical expression. The small 2 in front of the radical is known as the index and it indicates that this is a square root. When no index is present, then the radical is understood to be a square root with an index of 2.

30. 30 Here are the perfect squares: (the right side of the equal sign) 0 2 = 0 1 2 = 1 2 2 = 4 3 2 = 9 4 2 = 16 5 2 = 25 6 2 = 36 7 2 = 49 8 2 = 64 9 2 = 81 10 2 = 100 11 2 = 121 12 2 = 144 13 2 = 169 14 2 = 196 15 2 = 225 16 2 = 256 17 2 = 289 18 2 = 324 19 2 = 361

31. 31 √32 = √(16 * 2) = √16 * √2 = 4 √2 √50 = √(25 * 2) = √25 * √2 = 5 √2

32. 32 Adding and Subtracting Radical Terms Radicals are “things”… Example: 2√5 + 4√5 = 6√5 2 apples + 4 apples = 6 apples Example: 2√3 + 4√5 = 2√3 + 4√5 (can’t combine) 2 oranges + 4 apples = 2 oranges + 4 apples 32

33. 33 Simplify: 8 sqrt[11] + 2 sqrt[11] (8 + 2) sqrt[11] 10 sqrt[11] Simplify: 13 sqrt[2] + 8 sqrt[2] (13 + 8) sqrt[2] 21 sqrt[2]

34. 34 Multiplying Radicals sqrt[25] * sqrt[4] sqrt[100] 10 NOTE: sqrt[25] = 5 and sqrt[4] = 2 sqrt[25] * sqrt[4] 5 * 2 10 Either way you get the same answer 34

35. 35 Dividing Radicals sqrt[36/9] sqrt[36]/sqrt[9] 6/3 2 NOTE: 36/9 = 4 sqrt[36/9] sqrt[4] 2 Either way you end up with same answer

36. 36 Exponents 67 2 3 4 -7 3 5 9 So, if you’re presented with 2*2*2*2*2*2*2, you can rewrite this as 2^7 or 2 7. Beware of this situation: -2 4 vs. (-2) 4 -2 4 = -(2)(2)(2)(2) = -16 (-2) 4 = (-2)(-2)(-2)(-2) = 16 36

37. 37 PRODUCT RULE OF EXPONENTS. (a x ) * (a y ) = a (x + y) (KEEP THE BASE and ADD THE EXPONENTS.) 2 3 * 2 2 = 2 (3 + 2) = 2 5 5 7 * 5 8 = 5 (7+8) = 5 15 QUOTIENT RULE OF EXPONENTS. (a x ) / (a y ) = a (x - y) (KEEP THE BASE & SUBTRACT THE EXPONENTS) 5 7 = 5 (7-5) = 5 2 = 25 9 3 = 1 = 1 5 5 9 14 9 (14-3) 9 11 37

38. 38 POWER RULE OF EXPONENTS. (a x ) y = a xy ( Keep The Base and MULTIPLY THE EXPONENTS.) (2 2 ) 3 = 2 (2*3) = 2 6 = 64 (8 11 ) 4 = 8 (11*4) = 8 44 Anything to the zero power is 1. a 0 =1, a ≠ 0 4 0 = 1; (-10) 0 = 1; 23 0 = 1; 100 0 = 1 Anything to the first power is itself. a 1 =a 8 1 = 8; (-1/2) 1 = -1/2; 25 1 = 25 38

39. 39 A negative exponent moves the term to the other side of the fraction bar. a -1 = 1/a and 1/a -1 = a 6 (-3) = 7 2 19 (-4) = 1 7 (-2) 6 3 19 4

40. 40 Scientific Notation 3.1 x 10 4 9.2346 x 10 -5 1.89 x 10 0 40

41. 41 Converting from Scientific Notation to Decimal Notation 9.2346 x 10 -5 = 0.000092346 Another way to look at it: 9.2346 x 10 -5 = 9.2346 x 1/100,000 = 9.2346/100,000 = 0.000092346 41

42. 42 Converting from Scientific Notation to Decimal Notation 1.89 * 10 3 1,890 Another way to look at it 1.89 * 10 3 1.89 * 1,000 1,890 42

43. 43 Converting from Decimal Notation to Scientific Notation Convert 45,678 to scientific notation 4.5678 x 10 4 Convert 0.0000082 to scientific notation 8.2 x 10 -6 43