1. International Baccalaureates II Water Pollution

2. Introduction What Causes Water Pollution?What Causes Water Pollution? –Human’s Activities Everything that humans allow to be entered in the waterEverything that humans allow to be entered in the water Activities which humans do which result in water pollutionActivities which humans do which result in water pollution

3. Human’s Importation SolidSolid SewageSewage Fertilizers and PesticidesFertilizers and Pesticides OilOil

4. SOLID POLLUTION Human’s Importation

5. Solid Pollution Things we put in the water are: –Cans –Bags –Bottles –Plastic –Paper

6. Solid Pollution Effects Blocks the sun’s rays Water becomes unstable to humans and animals Causes marine life to suffer and actually die

7. SEWAGE Human’s Importation

8. Sewage What is Sewage? –Sewage refers to liquid wastes containing a mixture of human wastes and wastewater from non-industrial human activities In Many poor areas of the world, sewage remains untreated

9. Solid Pollution Effects Risk to Human Health –As a Result 1.5 Millions Deaths Occur Destroys Marine’s Ecosystems –Harming Fish’s Ability of Reproducing –Eutrofication –Can Increase the Turbidity and Sediments –Fish’s Overall Population

10. FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES Human’s Importation

11. Fertilizers Materials Used to Provide Plant Nutrients –Contain Essential Ingridients Plants Need – It Can Also be Found in Spray Forms Types of Fertilizers –Complete inorganic fertilizers –Special purpose fertilizer –Liquid fertilizers –Slow-release fertilizer –Fertilizer with insecticide

12. Pesticides 'Pesticide' is a broad term, covering a range of products that are used to control pests. Farmers Use Pesticides to: –protect crops –Prevent animals and insects from contaminating foods –safeguard human health

13. Effects of Fertilizers and Pesticides Eutrophication Pollution of water Suffocation Death of living organisms Diseases on humans

14. OIL POLLUTION Human’s Importations

15. Oil Pollution The worst impacts from oil use is during shipping. Big Spills (37) Routine Maintenance (137) Down the Drain (363) Up in Smoke (92) Offshore Drilling (15) Natural Seeps (62) Oil Pollution (Gallons Per Year)

16. Effects of Oil Pollution Thousands of Animals die immediately –250,000-500,000 Seabirds –1,000 Otters –300 Harbor Seals –250 Bald Eagles –22 Orcas Destruction of Billions: –Salmons –Herring Eggs

17. Sound Pollution Desalination Electricity Generation Sound Pollution Desalination Electricity Generation Human Activities

18. SOUND POLLUTION Human Activities

19. Sound Pollution

20. Effects of Sound Pollution Navigation Problems Communication Problems

21. DESALINATION Human Activities

22. Desalination Brine in Water –Natural Compound –40,000 ppm

23. Effects of Desalination –Low Oxygen Concentration –Dead Zones

24. ELECTRICITY GENERATING Human Activities

25. Electricity Generators

26. Effects of Electricity Generating Increase in the Temperature of Water Increases the rate of photosynthesis Increases the metabolic rate of fish Dissolved Oxygen in water decreases

27. Temperature Increase Eutrophication Decrease in Dissolved Oxygen Dead Zones Coral Bleaching Global Warming Temperature Increase Eutrophication Decrease in Dissolved Oxygen Dead Zones Coral Bleaching Global Warming How Does The Water Get Polluted?

28. Low Dissolved Oxygen Low Dissolved Oxygen Decreased Fish Population Decreased Fish Population Suffocated Fish Suffocated Fish Altered Food Web

29. TEMPERATURE INCREASE Effects on Water

30. Temperature Increase aquatic life adapted to a certain water temperature can go into shock when the temp is changed even 1 or 2 oC (Global warming) Increases the rate of photosynthesis, which increases the amount of plant growth, developing eutrophic conditions Increases the metabolic rate of fish, which increases their need of oxygen Dissolved Oxygen in water decreases

32. Solid dot - Upper lethal Limit for a Given species Open dot - Best Temprature for spawning Solid blocks – Preferred Temperature Range

33. EUTROPHICATION Water Effects

34. Eutrophication

36. DECREASE IN THE DISSOLVED OXYGEN Water Effects

37. Dissolved Oxygen

39. DEAD ZONES Effects on Water

40. Dead Zones

41. CORAL BLEACHING Effects on Water

42. Coral Bleaching Coral bleaching refers to the loss of color of corals due to... Causes of Coral Bleaching –Temperature –Solar Irradiance –Sedimentation –Fresh Water Dilution –Inorganic Nutrients

43. Effects of Coral Bleaching Destroys the habitat of marine organisms Results in the migration of organisms to other areas.. slow growth of some populations Destruction of food chains and webs

44. GLOBAL WARMING Effects on Water

45. Global Warming

47. Reduce the amount of waste you create by choosing what rubbish you throw away. Before you throw those items away, think about how they can be REUSED. Recycling greatly contributes towards improving the environment by reducing solid pollution. Reduce the amount of waste you create by choosing what rubbish you throw away. Before you throw those items away, think about how they can be REUSED. Recycling greatly contributes towards improving the environment by reducing solid pollution. Solutions to Water Pollution

48. No overdose of fertilizers and pesticides Use them safely and effectively Keep fertilizers, leaves and grass clippings off streets and driveway Prevent soil erosion No overdose of fertilizers and pesticides Use them safely and effectively Keep fertilizers, leaves and grass clippings off streets and driveway Prevent soil erosion Solutions to Water Pollution

49. MARPOL (for MARine POLlution) Safer oil tankers Pass the heated water through cooling towers or cooling ponds Produce less waste heat Cogeneration MARPOL (for MARine POLlution) Safer oil tankers Pass the heated water through cooling towers or cooling ponds Produce less waste heat Cogeneration Solutions to Water Pollution

50. Conclusion