2. Ecologies of Regulation Prodromos Tsiavos policy + business + beyond Date: 05.04.05 Place: Oslo University

3. backbone Case: CC project Modalities of regulation Primary Materials past ecologies examples law tech market norms From modalities to ecologies variables regulatory vehicles regulatory engineering ideology legal

4. [Part A] CASE: Creative Commons

5. [one] Creative Commons Past + present

6. [chronicle] Founded 2001 1 st Project: December 2002 Initiation: Berkman/ Harvard Housed @ Stanford Law School By: James Boyle Michael Caroll Lawrence Lessig Hal Abelson Eric Saltzman Eric Eldred

7. [an NGO] run by International Lawyers and Academics

8. [supported] (mother ship): Center for the Public Domain and various other charitable foundations CC-UK: Oxford University: PCMLP

9. [our role] Creative Commons UK Centre for Socio- Legal Studies Wolfson College OX2 6UD, Oxford Unitied Kingdom Prodromos Tsiavos: CC-UK Legal Project Lead Ashutosh Khanna: CC-UK Technical Advisor Prodromos.tsiavos@socio-legal-studies.oxford.ac.uk

10. [objective] 2estabilsh middle ground between copyright extremism copyfight anarchy

11. [two] ecologies

12. [acknowledge]

13. [institutional ecology] Nexus of rules

14. [copyright ecologies] Laws: International Treaties Regional Regulations (EU Directives) National Laws Collecting Societies Enforcement agencies/ organisations Lobbying Bodies Rights’ repositories/ repackaging Licensing Schemes (inter-org) Mass Licensing

15. [three] ideology

16. [middle ground] providing a set of user-friendly online licenses combined with a sophisticated search technology authors, musicians and other creators of content can use these licenses to protect some of their ownership rights, while giving others away the result is a new global standard or layer of copyright law promoting the dissemination of digital content and the free exchange of ideas

17. [four] Legal: licences uncovered

18. [hybrid] The General Public Licence [Free/Open Source Software]: ShareAlike Derivative Shareware No Commercial Use Other Remix

19. [three expressions] [1] Human-Readable: Commons Deed [2] Lawyer-Readable: Legal Code [3] Machine-Readable: Meta Data Logo + Link

20. schematic

21. Attribution No Commercial Use Derivative Works Share Alike logos

22. [five] examples

23. [case One] magnatunes

26. [case two] European Schoolnet

28. [case three] Code v.2

30. [case four] Tate d_cultuRe : d0wnloAd_saMple+cuT-uP: cultuRe

31. [technology interaction]

32. [case five] Channel4: pix + mix

36. [intermission I] B good

37. [Part B] Some theory: modalities of regulation

38. [Lawrence (Larry) Lessig] (that’s him) Age: 43 Background: Economics Management Philosophy Law Constitutional law professor Clerk for Richard Posner/ Antonin Scalia Special interest in former Soviet Union democracies Free Speech on the Net IPR - Commons

39. [his work] [a] meaning/ constitutional interpretation three eras: [b] Modalities of regulation/ free speech/ IPR [c] Creative Commons

40. [modalities of regulation] Law Architecture Norms Market Related reading: Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace (2000) The new Chicago School (1998) Constitution and Code (1996-7)

41. [Law] Administrative regulations e.g. OFTEL/ OFCOM Health and safety Environmental Acts Measures/ circulars Copyright Act National Laws Regional Instruments International Conventions level type character Green Light Red Light

42. [architecture/ technology] Jeremy Bentham (panopticon) Napoleon III (Paris Robert Moses (bridges) Related reading: Architecting innovation (2001) not a new idea

43. [norms] Thomas Kuhn Constructivists ANT Related reading: R. Ellickson (1991) not a new idea

44. [market] Chicago School Competition Law Related reading: Williamson (1996) not a new idea

45. [norms] Law Architecture Technology Market Related reading: Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace (2000) The new Chicago School (1998) Constitution and Code (1996-7)

46. [what is new then?] Indirect Regulation State as not the only source of law Questioning the role of law (constitution/ DCMA) Politicisation of technology in the legal context

47. [Intermission II] Stay alive

48. [Part C] From Modalities to ecologies

49. [efforts to improve the model] Organisational context Level of understanding Focus on the interactions Murray and Scott (2002) Tsiavos (2004)

50. [Contractual Agreements] Licences and technology Technology and regulatory environment

51. [regulatory vehicles] Checking norms across platforms Tsiavos (2005) Digital Rights Management Systems Contractual agreements

52. [variables] Elasticity Proximity Humility

53. [regulatory engineering] GOTO CC

54. please