1. Warm Up #4 0 Common Vocabulary Unit 3 page. 0 What do the following words mean? Write definitions down in your own words. 0 You may use your phone or a dictionary to look up words you don’t know. A. Lynching B. Advocating C. Conservation D. Dedicated E. Regulate

2. Progressive Era 1890-1920 Day 4: Political Reforms and The Power of Third Parties

3. Political Reforms & Changes 0 During the Progressive era, political reforms were initiated which gave the people more say in how their government was run and operated, resulting in a more participatory and democratic government. The goal for the Progressives was to strive for a “more perfect union”. This enabled voters instead of political machines, to choose candidates for public office and for government officials to be more responsive to voters.

4. Political Reforms & Changes Changes in the way that people participate in government 0 Initiative –the power or right of citizens to introduce a new legislative measure and the right and procedure by which citizens can propose a law by petition and ensure its submission to the electorate Colorado Amendment 64 was a popular initiative that legalized recreational use of marijuana.

5. Political Reforms & Changes Changes in the way that people participate in government 0 Referendum – the submission of a proposed public measure or actual statute to a direct popular vote; this allows the people to have more influence on the decision-making process

6. Political Reforms & Changes Changes in the way that people participate in government 0 Recall – the procedure by which a public official may be removed from office by popular vote; with the right to employ this procedure, the people can hold their elected leaders accountable for their actions Governor Gray DavisGovernor Arnold Schwarzenegger Example: California gubernatorial recall election of 2003

7. Political Reforms & Changes Civic Responsibility Civic Responsibility: An important aspect of progressivism 0 Right to vote, participation in various levels of politics, recall, referendum 0 Right to assemble and be active in political debates 0 Writing Congressional representatives

8. Discussion Question 0 What effect did political reforms like recall, referendum, and initiative have in the relationship between the government and the people? 0 Gave the people a greater voice in government and made government officials more responsive to the people.

9. Political Reforms & Changes Amendments of the Progressive Era 0 16 th Amendment 0 income taxes (the purpose was to raise revenue for government programs and reduce reliance on tariffs) 0 17 th Amendment 0 Direct elections of senators (Stronger voice for the people)

10. Discussion Question 0 How did the 17 th give more power to the people? 0 It allowed the people to directly vote for senators they wanted to represent their state.

11. Political Reforms & Changes Amendments of the Progressive Era 0 18 th Amendment 0 Prohibition of alcohol 0 19 th Amendment 0 Women’s suffrage (Stronger voice for the people)

12. Political Reforms & Changes The Power of Third Parties Emergence of third party politics 0 Third parties often focus on issues the main parties ignore 0 Third-party candidates can split the major party with which they are most similar, leading to the other major party's victory 0 Example: Election of 1912. The Republican Party split in two to form the Progressive Party. Because of the split, the Democrat party won the presidency.

13. Discussion Question 0 What is a lost cause? 0 a person or thing that can no longer hope to succeed or be changed for the better. 0 Do you think Third Parties are a lost cause? 0 Why do you think Third Parties emerge? 0 To focus on the issues that the two main parties ignore.

14. Political Reforms & Changes The Power of Third Parties Republicans 0 Civil War victors – Blame democrats as party of disunion 0 Adhere to Puritan roots, focus on old stock immigrants 0 Stress code of morality and believe govt. should play role in economy and moral affairs 0 Push for big govt., tariffs, and land grants 0 Very active in helping corporate capitalism in America Democrats 0 Party of disunion 0 Oppose govt. interference in economy, tariffs and land grants 0 Anti-Prohibition – claims it limits freedom 0 Immigrants and Catholics tend to flock to this group 0 Had a solid electoral base in the South and immigrants in the North The Two Main Parties

15. Political Reforms & Changes The Power of Third Parties Progressive Party 0 formed in 1912 as a result of a split in the Republican Party 0 also known as the “Bull Moose Party; 0 Theodore Roosevelt most popular candidate Populist Party 0 established in 1890s 0 comprised of poor farmers from the south 0 generally opposed to banks, railroads, and upper class 0 William Jennings Bryan most popular candidate The Third Parties of the Progressive Era When this party dissolves, these people will join the Democrats.

16. Political Reforms & Changes The Power of Third Parties Rise of Socialism and the Socialist Party 0 More radical than Progressive agenda 0 Public ownership of railroads, utilities, oil & steel industries 0 Don’t want to fix democratic system—want to get rid of it completely 0 Eugene V. Debs – helped organize the American Socialist Party in 1901. Said that there was an uneven balance among big business, government, and ordinary people under the free-market system of capitalism (he ran for President 4 different times.) 0 Peaks in 1912 Election—over 1 million votes

17. Critical Writing Question for Day 4 0 Day 4: What is the purpose of a third party trying to compete with the two major political parties? How did a third party like the Progressive party affect the presidential election of 1912?