1. OUR UNIVERSE (How we are much tinier and younger than we Earthlings think.)

2. THE BIG BANG About 14 billion years ago the entire universe was contained in a bubble that was smaller than a period.. (like this, and this is a screen period, a pencil period is even smaller) All the universal energy we have today was in that bubble.

3. THE BUBBLE EXPLODED!!!!! All that energy was unleashed & space, time, and matter were born.

4. ALL THAT ENERGY EXPANDED It is still expanding, just at a slower rate.

5. TIMELINE http://www.pbs.org/wnet/hawking/universes /html/bang.html http://www.pbs.org/wnet/hawking/universes /html/bang.html http://patrickgrant.com/BBTL.htm http://www.pbs.org/deepspace/timeline/

6. OUR SOLAR SYSTEM Our solar system was formed about 4.6 billion years ago. It includes our sun and the planets. There used to be 9 planets, but the big scientists axed Pluto. I’m not happy about that.

7. PLANET EARTH 4.6 billion years ago, Earth was a ball of molten rock. http://ircamera.as.arizona.edu/NatSci102/Nat Sci102/lectures/earth.htm http://ircamera.as.arizona.edu/NatSci102/Nat Sci102/lectures/earth.htm http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/75 33964.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/75 33964.stm PLANET EARTH

8. As the ball of lava cooled, it developed a hard crust.

9. PLANET EARTH Heavy metals sank toward the core. Iron formed into a ball at the core.

10. PLANET EARTH Heat from the core makes the molten rock convect (move in a circular motion). http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/eoc/teachers/t_te ctonics/p_convection2.html http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/eoc/teachers/t_te ctonics/p_convection2.html

11. PLANET EARTH This convection (circular movement) makes the crust move. http://www.physics.upenn.edu/~garyb/Astro3 /Geology/tectonics_convect_of_mantle.htm http://www.physics.upenn.edu/~garyb/Astro3 /Geology/tectonics_convect_of_mantle.htm tectonics_convect_of_mantle.swf

12. PLATE TECTONICS The crust is not one piece. It is broken in to sections called plates. These plates are always moving. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/tecto nics.html http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/tecto nics.html

13. PLATE TECTONICS When they crash against one another one plate sinks into the molten lava. The other plate is raised up. These collisions can make mountains, volcanoes. These collisions form earthquakes. http://www.moorlandschool.co.uk/earth/tecton ic.htm#Scotland

14. PLATE TECTONICS Some plates are moving away from each other. The mantle fills in the empty space. Earthquakes and volcanoes happen here, as well. http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu/outreach/a nimations/himalayas_youtube.html http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu/outreach/a nimations/himalayas_youtube.html http://www.iris.edu/hq/programs/education_ and_outreach/animations#hotspot http://www.iris.edu/hq/programs/education_ and_outreach/animations#hotspot

15. PLATE TECTONICS Some plates slide back and forth against each other. These slides create lots of earthquakes.

16. CONCLUSION Earth is always moving and changing. The activity at the core of our planet affects how the surface of our planet behaves and looks. These changes can be awesome, but they are simply a part of an ever changing universe.